Chapter 18, Problem 18.40SP

Assuming that gaseous reactants and products are present at 1 atm partial pressure, which of the following reactions are spontaneous in the forward direction?

(a) ${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)+{\text{ 2 H}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right) \stackrel{}{\to }{\text{N}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}\left(l\right);$ $K_p$ = 7 X ${10}^{-27}$

(b $)\text{ 2 Mg}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{ O}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }\text{2 MgO}\left(\text{s}\right);$ $K_p$ = 2 X $\text{1}{0}^{\text{198}}$

(c) ${\text{MgCO}}_{\text{3}}\left(\text{s}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }\text{ MgO}\left(\text{s}\right)+{\text{ CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right);$ $K_p$ = 9 X $\text{1}{0}^{-10}$

(d) $\text{2 CO}\left(\text{g}\right)+{\text{ O}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right)\stackrel{}{\to }{\text{ 2 CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{g}\right);$ $K_p$ = 1 X ${10}^{90}$