Chapter 18, Problem 18.29CP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The signs $\left(+,-,0\right)$ of $\Delta H,\Delta Sand\Delta G$ for the spontaneous condensation of a vapor to a liquid” should be explained

Concept Introduction:

• Spontaneous reaction: A process which can take place by itself without the help of an external activity under the given set condition is called a spontaneous process. The term spontaneity simply means the feasibility of a process and the spontaneous processes are called feasible processes.
• Enthalpy $\left(\Delta H\right)$:- It is defined as the sum of internal energy and the pressure-volume energy of the system.
  $\Delta H=\Delta U+P\Delta V$
• Entropy $\left(\Delta S\right)$:-It is defined as a measure of the disorder or randomness of the system. More the randomness, more is the entropy.
  $\Delta S=\frac{q}{\Delta T}$
• Gibb’s free energy $\left(\Delta G\right)$:- It is the amount of energy available from a system that can be converted into useful work. It is a measure of its capacity to do useful work.
  $\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S$

To explain: The sign of $\Delta H,\Delta Sand\Delta G$ for the spontaneous condensation of vapor to liquid.