The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzamide is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn. Concept introduction: The normal reaction of an amide with water does not give good yield of product. As amides are least reactive carboxylic acid derivatives so to increase the reactivity of amides a mineral acid is added. The addition of acid increases the reactivity of amide by making more electrophilic carbonyl carbon and it also helps in the elimination of amine part from amide via protonating the amine group during reaction and make it a good leaving group. The reaction of water and amides in presence of acid gives a carboxylic acid as a product. The reaction equation is written as, The reactivity of amide also depends upon the leaving tendency of amine part from acyl group. The weaker the base better will be the leaving group. The basicity of amines is decreased by decreasing the electron density from nitrogen atom of amine.

Question

Draw structural formulas for these ketones. (a) Ethyl isopropyl ketone (b) 2-Chlorocyclohexanone (c) 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone (d) Diisopropyl ketone (e) Acetone (f) 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanone

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzamide is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The normal reaction of an amide with water does not give good yield of product. As amides are least reactive carboxylic acid derivatives so to increase the reactivity of amides a mineral acid is added. The addition of acid increases the reactivity of amide by making more electrophilic carbonyl carbon and it also helps in the elimination of amine part from amide via protonating the amine group during reaction and make it a good leaving group.

The reaction of water and amides in presence of acid gives a carboxylic acid as a product. The reaction equation is written as,

The reactivity of amide also depends upon the leaving tendency of amine part from acyl group. The weaker the base better will be the leaving group. The basicity of amines is decreased by decreasing the electron density from nitrogen atom of amine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzamide is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Amide hydrolysis in aqueous base:

A carboxylate salt and ammonia or an amine will be the product of amide hydrolysis in aqueous base.

For each mole of amide, one mole of base is required.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzamide is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

LiAlH4 is a powerful reducing agent which reduces amides into 1°, 2° , or 3° amines depending on the degree of substitution of the amide.

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Draw structural formulas for these ketones. (a) Ethyl isopropyl ketone (b) 2-Chlorocyclohexanone (c) 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone (d) Diisopropyl ketone (e) Acetone (f) 2,5-Dimethylcyclohexanone

Amines with more than 6 carbons are soluble in: a) aqueous HCI b) aqueous NaHCO3 d) water c) aqueous NaOH Which of the following would give a positive iodoform test? acetone a) benzophenone c) 3-pentanone d) cyclopentanone meth "Saponification" as the term is used in organic chemistry means: a) acidic hydrolysis of an ester b) basic hydrolysis of an ester c) acidic hydrolysis of an amide d) basic hydrolysis of an amide 3. ( Propylamine can be synthesized by the LiAlH4 reduction of: a) CH3CH2CECH b) CH3CH=NH d)) CH3CH2CEN c) CH3CH2NO2

Describe concisely a chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.(a) Propanal and propanone(b) Phenol and benzoic acid(c) Hexan-3-one and hexan-2-one

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzamide is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The normal reaction of an amide with water does not give good yield of product. As amides are least reactive carboxylic acid derivatives so to increase the reactivity of amides a mineral acid is added. The addition of acid increases the reactivity of amide by making more electrophilic carbonyl carbon and it also helps in the elimination of amine part from amide via protonating the amine group during reaction and make it a good leaving group.

The reaction of water and amides in presence of acid gives a carboxylic acid as a product. The reaction equation is written as,

The reactivity of amide also depends upon the leaving tendency of amine part from acyl group. The weaker the base better will be the leaving group. The basicity of amines is decreased by decreasing the electron density from nitrogen atom of amine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzamide is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Amide hydrolysis in aqueous base:

A carboxylate salt and ammonia or an amine will be the product of amide hydrolysis in aqueous base.

For each mole of amide, one mole of base is required.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzamide is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

LiAlH4 is a powerful reducing agent which reduces amides into 1°, 2° , or 3° amines depending on the degree of substitution of the amide.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzamide is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The normal reaction of an amide with water does not give good yield of product. As amides are least reactive carboxylic acid derivatives so to increase the reactivity of amides a mineral acid is added. The addition of acid increases the reactivity of amide by making more electrophilic carbonyl carbon and it also helps in the elimination of amine part from amide via protonating the amine group during reaction and make it a good leaving group.

The reaction of water and amides in presence of acid gives a carboxylic acid as a product. The reaction equation is written as,

The reactivity of amide also depends upon the leaving tendency of amine part from acyl group. The weaker the base better will be the leaving group. The basicity of amines is decreased by decreasing the electron density from nitrogen atom of amine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzamide is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Amide hydrolysis in aqueous base:

A carboxylate salt and ammonia or an amine will be the product of amide hydrolysis in aqueous base.

For each mole of amide, one mole of base is required.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzamide is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

LiAlH4 is a powerful reducing agent which reduces amides into 1°, 2° , or 3° amines depending on the degree of substitution of the amide.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction