(a)
Interpretation:
The model for a second-order reaction that takes place in a real reactor is to be proposed and the values of the model parameters,
Concept introduction:
Real reactor is defined as the process vessel which is used to perform a chemical reaction. It is modeled by various combinations of ideal reactors. The conversion, X can be defined as the moles of any species A that are reacted per mole of A fed in the reactor.
The full form of CSTR is Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor. This reaction has its application in the industrial processes. This reactor actually used for liquid-phase reactions.
The full form of PFR is Plug-Flow Reactor which consists of a cylindrical pipe and it is used for the gas-phase reactions. It is also known as tubular reactor.
(b)
Interpretation:
The expected conversion that takes place in the real reactor is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Real reactor is defined as the process vessel which is used to perform a chemical reaction. It is modeled by various combinations of ideal reactors. The conversion, X can be defined as the moles of any species A that are reacted per mole of A fed in the reactor.
The full form of CSTR is Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor. This reaction has its application in the industrial processes. This reactor actually used for liquid-phase reactions.
The full form of PFR is Plug-Flow Reactor which consists of a cylindrical pipe and it is used for the gas-phase reactions. It is also known as tubular reactor.
(c)
Interpretation:
An explanation regarding the changes in model and conversion is to be stated if the outlet tracer concentration was as follows:
For
For
Concept introduction:
Real reactor is defined as the process vessel which is used to perform a chemical reaction. It is modeled by various combinations of ideal reactors. The conversion, X can be defined as the moles of any species A that are reacted per mole of A fed in the reactor.
The full form of CSTR is Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor. This reaction has its application in the industrial processes. This reactor actually used for liquid-phase reactions.
The full form of PFR is Plug-Flow Reactor which consists of a cylindrical pipe and it is used for the gas-phase reactions. It is also known as tubular reactor.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering (5th Edition) (Prentice Hall International Series in the Physical and Chemical Engineering Sciences)
- At a Pressure of 600 mm Hg, match the substance with the boiling temperature. 54.69°C 1. n-Pentane 49.34°C 2. n-Hexane 3. Acetone 29.32°C く 61.40°C 4. Chloroformarrow_forwardA mixture of oil and gas flows through a horizontal pipe with an inside diameter of 150 mm. The respective volumetric flow rates for the oil and gas are 0.015 and 0.29 m³s-1. Determine the gas void frac- tion and the average velocities of the oil and gas. The friction factor may be assumed to be 0.0045. The gas has a density of 2.4 kgm³ and viscosity of 1 x 10-5 Nsm-2. The oil has a density of 810 kgm³ and density of 0.82 Nsm². Answer: 0.79, 20.8 ms-1, 4 ms-1arrow_forward4. An experimental test rig is used to examine two-phase flow regimes in horizontal pipelines. A particular experiment involved uses air and water at a temperature of 25°C, which flow through a horizontal glass tube with an internal diameter of 25.4 mm and a length of 40 m. Water is admitted at a controlled rate of 0.026 kgs at one end and air at a rate of 5 x 104 kgs in the same direction. The density of water is 1000 kgm³, and the density of air is 1.2 kgm3. Determine the mass flow rate, the mean density, gas void fraction, and the superficial velocities of the air and water. Answer: 0.02605 kgs 1, 61.1 kgm³, 0.94, 0.822 ms-1, 0.051 ms-1arrow_forward
- 1. Determine the range of mean density of a mixture of air in a 50:50 oil-water liquid phase across a range of gas void fractions. The den- sity of oil is 900 kgm³, water is 1000 kgm³, and gas is 10 kgm³. 2. Describe, with the use of sketches, the various flow regimes that can exist in a vertical pipe carrying two-phase flow (liquid and gas).arrow_forwardA mixture of high pressure water and steam at a rate of 0.5 kgs-¹ flows up a vertical tube with an inside diameter of 25.4 mm at a pres- sure 22 bar. Determine the type of flow if the mass quality is 1%. The density of the water is 845 kgm³, the density of steam is 10.8 kgm³, and the viscosity of the water is 1.24 x 104 Nsm2. Answer: Slug flowarrow_forward5. Describe, with the use of sketches, the various two-phase flow regimes that can exist in a horizontal pipe carrying a liquid and a gas. 6. Explain what is meant by gas hold-up and describe ways in which it can be measured.arrow_forward
- A mixture of air and water at a temperature of 25°C flows up through a vertical tube with a length of 4 m and an internal diameter of 25.4 mm with the exit of the tube being at atmospheric pressure. The mass flows of the air and the water are 0.007 kgs¹ and 0.3 kgs-¹, respectively. For air, the density is 1.2 kgm3 and viscosity is 1.85 x 10-5 Nsm-2, and for water, the density is 1000 kgm-3 and viscosity is 8.9 × 10-4 Nsm 2. Answer: 2.7 kNm 2marrow_forwardAt a Pressure of 200 mm Hg, match the substance with the boiling temperature. 69.50°C 1. Benzene 1.92°C 2. Toluene 41.94°C 3. n-Pentane 4. n-Hexane 31.61°Carrow_forwardAt a Pressure of 400 mm Hg, match the substance with the boiling temperature. 62.89°C 1. Styrene 122.69°C 2. Ethanol 3. Toluene 89.48°C 4. Benzene 60.61°Carrow_forward
- 8. A gas is admitted at a rate of 0.015 m³s-¹ to a vertical glass pipe with an inside diameter of 50 mm. The gas bubbles that form travel with a velocity of 32 ms-¹. Determine the gas void fraction and the velocity of the liquid if the volumetric flow is 2.5 x 10-5 m³s-1. Answer: 0.24, 1.7 ms-1 9 Characterise the main concepts of a homogeneous flow model sepa-arrow_forward3. A mixture of air and water at a temperature of 25°C flows up through a vertical tube with a length of 4 m and an internal diameter of 25.4 mm with the exit of the tube being at atmospheric pressure. The mass flows of the air and the water are 0.007 kgs-1 and 0.3 kgs-1, respectively. For air, the density is 1.2 kgm³ and viscosity is 1.85 x 10-5 Nsm-2, and for water, the density is 1000 kgm-3 and viscosity is 8.9 × 10-4 Nsm-2. Answer: 2.7 kNm-2m-1arrow_forward15. Show that for a one-dimensional annular flow in a horizontal pipe with no acceleration, the pressure gradient on the gas core is dp= 4ti dz d√√α where t, is the interfacial shear stress and a is the gas void fraction.arrow_forward
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