(a)
Interpretation:
The following equations are balanced by the half-reaction method
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of chemical species on the reactant side is equal to the number of chemical species on the product side. In the half reaction method, each half reaction that is
To determine: The given balanced
(a)
Answer to Problem 140CP
The balanced equation is,
Explanation of Solution
Given
The given reaction is,
In this equation, the oxidation state of hydrogen decreased from
Also, in this equation there are spectator ions,
The reduction half cell reaction is,
The oxidation half cell reaction is,
Now balance H atoms in the reduction half reaction by adding
Finally, balance charge using electrons.
Now the charge in oxidation half reaction using electrons is to be balanced.
The oxidation half reaction is multiplied by 2 and the reduction reaction by 3 to cancel electrons and add them.
The ion
To balance chlorine atoms, eight moles of chloride ions were added.
Hence, the
(b)
Interpretation:
The following equations are balanced by the half-reaction method
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of chemical species on the reactant side is equal to the number of chemical species on the product side. In the half reaction method, each half reaction that is oxidation and reduction reaction is separately balanced.
(b)
Answer to Problem 140CP
The balanced equation is,
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The given reaction is,
The reduction half reaction is,
The oxidation state of chlorine decreased from
The oxidation half reaction is,
The oxidation state of iodine increased from
Now all the elements except H and O in reduction half reaction are balanced and then O atoms using
Then H atoms are balanced by adding
Finally, the charge is balanced by using electrons.
Now all elements except H and O in oxidation half reaction are balanced.
As there are no O and H atoms, the charge is balanced by using electrons.
The oxidation half reaction is multiplied by 8 and added to the other half reaction by cancelling the similar terms.
This is simplified further by dividing it by 3.
Hence, the balanced reaction is,
(c)
Interpretation:
The following equations are balanced by the half-reaction method
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of chemical species on the reactant side is equal to the number of chemical species on the product side. In the half reaction method, each half reaction that is oxidation and reduction reaction is separately balanced.
To determine: The given balanced chemical reaction by the half-reaction method.
(c)
Answer to Problem 140CP
The balanced equation is,
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The given reaction is,
The reduction half reaction is,
The oxidation half reaction is,
Now all elements except H and O in oxidation half reaction are balanced.
And balance oxygen atoms using
Then H atoms are balanced by adding
Finally, the charge is balanced by using electrons.
Now balance all elements except H and O in reduction half reaction.
As there are no O and H atoms the charge is balanced by using electrons.
The reduction half reaction is multiplied by 97 and is added to the other half reaction by cancelling the similar terms.
The overall balanced reaction is,
(d)
Interpretation:
The following equations are balanced by the half-reaction method
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of chemical species on the reactant side is equal to the number of chemical species on the product side. In the half reaction method, each half reaction that is oxidation and reduction reaction is separately balanced.
To determine: The given balanced chemical reaction by the half-reaction method.
(d)
Answer to Problem 140CP
The balanced equation is,
Explanation of Solution
Given:
The given reaction is,
Chromium is oxidized from
The reduction half reaction is,
The oxidation half reaction is,
Now all elements except H and O in oxidation half reaction are balanced
And then oxygen atoms are balanced by using
Then hydrogen atoms are balanced by adding
Finally, the charge is balanced by using electrons.
Now all elements except H and O in oxidation half reaction are balanced
As there are no O and H atoms, the charge is balanced using electrons.
The reduction half reactions are multiplied by 27 and oxidation half reaction by 2 and were added by cancelling similar terms.
In basic medium,
Hence, the balanced reaction is,
(e)
Interpretation:
The following equations are balanced by the half-reaction method
Concept introduction:
The chemical equation is said to be balanced when the number of atoms of chemical species on the reactant side is equal to the number of chemical species on the product side. In the half reaction method, each half reaction that is oxidation and reduction reaction is separately balanced.
To determine: The given balanced chemical reaction by the half-reaction method.
(e)
Answer to Problem 140CP
The balanced equation is,
Explanation of Solution
Given
The given reaction is,
The reduction half reaction is.
The oxidation half reaction is,
Now all elements except H and O in oxidation half reaction are balanced
And then balance O atoms using
Then H atoms are balanced by adding
Finally, the charge is balanced by using electrons.
Now the O atoms are balanced by using
Then H atoms are balanced by adding
The charge is balanced by using electrons.
The reduction half reaction is multiplied by 49 and is added to the other half reaction by cancelling the similar terms.
In basic medium,
Hence, the balanced reaction is,
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry
- Gold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the presence of oxygen. 4 Au(s) + 8 NaCN(aq) + O2(g) + 2 H2O() 4 NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4 NaOH(aq) (a) Name the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction. What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? (b) If you have exactly one metric ton (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of gold-bearing rock, what volume of 0.075 M NaCN, in liters, do you need to extract the gold if the rock is 0.019% gold?arrow_forwardThe blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be determined by titrating a sample of blood plasma with an acidic potassium di-chromate solution, resulting in the production of Cr3+ (aq) and carbon dioxide. The reaction can be monitored because the dichromate ion (Cr2O72) is orange in solution, and the Cr3+ ion is green. The balanced equations is 16H+(aq) + 2Cr2O72(aq) + C2H5OH(aq) 4Cr4+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 11H2O(l) This reaction is an oxidationreduction reaction. What species is reduced, and what species is oxidized? How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation above?arrow_forward1. Sometimes a reaction can fall in more than one category. Into what category (or categories) does the reaction of Ba(OH)2(aq) + H+PO4(aq) fit? acid-base and oxidation-reduction oxidation-reduction acid-base and precipitation precipitationarrow_forward
- 4.112 A metallurgical firm wishes to dispose of 1300 gallons of waste sulfuric acid whose molarity is 1.37 M. Before disposal, it will be reacted with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), which costs $0.23 per pound. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for this process. (b) Determine the cost that the firm will incur from this use of slaked lime.arrow_forwardWrite the net ionic equation for the reaction, if any, that occurs on mixing (a) solutions of sodium hydroxide and magnesium chloride. (b) solutions of sodium nitrate and magnesium bromide. (c) magnesium metal and a solution of hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen. Magnesium metal reacting with HCl.arrow_forwardThe mineral dolomite contains magnesium carbon-ate. This reacts with hydrochloric add. MgCO3(s) + 2 HCl(aq) CO2(g) + MgCl2(aq) + H2O() (a) Write the net ionic equation for this reaction and identify the spectator ions. (b) What type of reaction is this?arrow_forward
- Write balanced net ionic equations for the following reactions in acid solution. (a) Liquid hydrazine reacts with an aqueous solution of sodium bromate. Nitrogen gas and bromide ions are formed. (b) Solid phosphorus (P4) reacts with an aqueous solution of nitrate to form nitrogen oxide gas and dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) ions. (c) Aqueous solutions of potassium sulfite and potassium permanganate react. Sulfate and manganese(II) ions are formed.arrow_forwardA 1.345-g sample of a compound of barium and oxygen was dissolved in hydrochloric acid to give a solution of barium ion, which was then precipitated with an excess of potassium chromate to give 2.012 g of barium chromate, BaCrO4. What is the formula of the compound?arrow_forwardDetermine the oxidation states of the elements in the following compounds: (a) Nal (b) GdCl3 (c) LiNO3 (d) H2Se (e) Mg2Si (f) RbO2, rubidium superoxide (g) HFarrow_forward
- A Describe how to prepare zinc chloride by (a) an add-base reaction, (b) a gas-forming reaction, and (c) an oxidation-reduction reaction. The available starting materials are ZnCO3, HCl, Cl2, HNO3, Zn(OH)2, NaCl, Zn(NO3)2, and Zn. Write complete, balanced equations for the reactions chosen.arrow_forwardChlorine gas was first prepared in 1774 by C. W. Scheele by oxidizing sodium chloride with manganese(IV) oxide. The reaction is NaCl(aq) + H2SO4(aq) + MnO2(s) Na2SO4(aq) + MnCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + Cl2 (g) Balance this equation.arrow_forwardMagnesium metal (a component of alloys used in aircraft and a reducing agent used in the production of uranium, titanium, and other active metals) is isolated from sea water by the following sequence of reactions: Mg2+(aq)+Ca(OH)2(aq)Mg(OH)2(s)+Ca2+(aq)Mg(OH)2(s)+2HCl(aq)MgCl2(s)+2H2O(l)MgCl2(l)electrolysisMg(s)+Cl2+Cl2(g) Sea water has a density of 1.026 g/cm3 and contains 1272 parts per million of magnesium a5 Mg2+(aq) by mass. What mass, in kilograms, of Ca(OH)2; is required to precipitate 99.9% of the magnesium in 1.00103 L of sea water?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning