Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
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Chapter 18, Problem 10SQ
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Cladogram is a diagram that represents the hypothetical relationship between different groups of animals called a phylogeny. It is used to visualize the similarities and commonly shared characters of different groups of animals. A cladogram uses lines to demonstrate branches that end at a clade. A group of animals whose members possess one or more derived characters is called as a clade.
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The evolution of various life forms on Earth is summarized in ________.
a.
the binomial naming system
b.
phylogenetic trees
c.
the taxonomic classification system
A cladogram or phylogenetic tree is used to classify organisms into groups based on their shared characteristics, where each node or branching point is known as _________________.
Group of answer choices
A. Common ancestry
B. New species
C. Reproductive isolation
D. New characteristic
E. None of the answers are correct
A monophyletic group is a ________. a. phylogenetic tree b. shared derived trait c. character state d. clade
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The po'ouli...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1SQCh. 18 - Which of the following assumptions is not part of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3SQCh. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In a cladogram, each node represents a(n) _______...Ch. 18 - Constructing a cladogram _______ . a. may involve...
Ch. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through ______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10SQCh. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12SQCh. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - Choose the statement that is incorrect. a....Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - Match the terms with the most suitable...Ch. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...Ch. 18 - Bonobas and chimpanzees are sister groups. Humans,...
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- Constructing a cladogram______ . a. may involve parsimony analysis b. helps us rank species into taxa c. reveals convergent structures d. is a necessary part of DNA barcodingarrow_forwardTwo different plants, cactus from the desert southwest USA and a euphorb from South Africa, have similar adaptations to desert life- these similarities evolved independently in response to similar environmental conditions, they were not inherited for one shared ancestor of cactus and euphords . What is the best term for these adaptations? A. Synapomorphies B. Acclimations C. Homologous traits D. Analogous traitsarrow_forwardBoth octopuses and cuttlefish have a single-lens eye. Their common ancestor also had a single-lens eye. What word describes the relationship between the octopus eye and the cuttlefish eye? a. homologous c. analogous b. vestigial d. convergentarrow_forward
- In cladograms, sister groups are______ . a. inbred c. represented by nodes b. the same age d. in the same familyarrow_forwardWhat pattern of speciation is illustrated by the development of the allopolyploid species? A. allopatric speciation B. sympatric speciation C. cladopatric speciation D. anapatric speciationarrow_forwardThe type of speciation that takes place in geographically overlapping populations is known as ________________________. A. Allopatric speciation B. Sympatric speciation C. Morphological speciation D. Physiological speciationarrow_forward
- 1)The wings of an insect and bird have similar structures and purposes, but different ancestors; therefore, the wings of both are ______ structures. * A. Homologous B. Analogous C. Identical D. Vestigialarrow_forwardWhat do scientists use to apply cladistics? a. homologous traits b. homoplasies c. analogous traits d. monophyletic groupsarrow_forwardIn a cladogram, each node represents a(n)______ . a. single lineage c. common ancestor b. extinction d. adaptive radiationarrow_forward
- Which characters are most informative in phylogenetic reconstruction because they indicate monophyletic groups? A. Homoplasies B. Symplesiomorphies C. Recently evolved traits that are found in just one species D. Ancestral traits E. Synapomorphiesarrow_forwardSince 1735, the Linnaean classification system has been the basic system for all taxonomy in biology. Which statement best explains the reason for changing how organisms are classified today? A. Organisms are evolving at a faster rate than in the past B. More diverse and complex organisms are being discovered C.  There are more organisms today than there were in the past D. New information about the genetics of species is being discoveredarrow_forward______ is a way of reconstructing evolutionary history based on derived characters. a. Cladistics c. Convergent evolution b. Linnaean taxonomy d. Divergent evolutionarrow_forward
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