Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 17.13, Problem 1MQ
- What phylogenetic and physiological evidence suggests that today’s hyperthermophiles are the closest living links to Earth’s earliest cells?
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Evolution of what biological process is hypothesized to have been made possible by the appearance of chlorophyll in the mesozones of a prokaryote cell?
A) self-replicating molecules
B) multi-cellularity
C) glycolysis
D) photosynthesis
E) none of these.
Bacteriorhodopsin, and retinal, are part of a transmembrane complex that uses of sunlight to create a proton gradient, for synthesis of ATP from ADP, in which of the following organisms?
one of the members of the Archaeobacterial kingdom
one of the members of the Eubacterial kingdom (ancestral to the mitochondria)
one of the members of the Animal kingdom
one of the members of the Eubacterial kingdom (ancestral to the chloroplasts)
one of the members of the Plant kingdom
Isoprene serves as a building block not only for the hydrocarbons observed in archaeal membranes but also for sterols, carotenoids, retinal, and quinones. Use any resources necessary to identify the function of these other isoprene-based molecules and to determine their distribution in nature. What does the use of isoprene to make this diverse array of molecules suggest about the nature of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA)?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 17.1 - Since cells of Halobacterium require high levels...Ch. 17.1 - What benefit does bacteriorhodopsin confer on...Ch. 17.1 - Contrast the roles of bacteriorhodopsin,...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.3 - What two major physiological features unify...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 1MQ
Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 17.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 17.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 17.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 17.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 17.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 17.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 17.8 - What form of energy metabolism is widespread among...Ch. 17.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 17.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 17.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 17.10 - What can we conclude about the...Ch. 17.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 17.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 17.11 - Why would it be impossible for organisms to grow...Ch. 17.11 - What organism is the current record holder for the...Ch. 17.12 - How do hyperthermophiles keep proteins and DNA...Ch. 17.12 - How are the lipids and ribosomes of...Ch. 17.12 - What is reverse DNA gyrase and why is it important...Ch. 17.13 - What phylogenetic and physiological evidence...Ch. 17.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 17.13 - Which chemolithotrophic lifestyle seems best...Ch. 17.13 - Why might H2 metabolism have evolved as a...Ch. 17 - Using the phylogenetic tree in Figure 17.1 as a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2AQ
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- In the three-domain model, the bacterial ancestor of chloroplasts derives from ancient A) O fungi, B) O phototrophic eyanobacteria C) O heterotrophic bacteria. D) O archaea. E) O protists,arrow_forwardHow do eukaryotic cells differ from bacteria and archaeons, and how do these differences explain the roles that eukaryotes play in modern ecosystems?arrow_forwardAmanda learns that some species of algae share the characteristics of being single-felled and producing sugar by photosynthesis. These species of algae fall into the category of which of the following kingdoms? A) Animalia B) Fungi C) Plantae D) Protistaarrow_forward
- Provide a substantial theory regarding how eukaryoticcells originated and how multicellularity came to be.arrow_forwardWhich of the following prokaryotes has a relatively large surface-to-volume ratio for rapid gas exchange, despite having one of the largest cytoplasmic volumes of any known eubacterial cell? the archaeobacterium Halobacterium halobium the archaeobacterium Nanoarchaeum equitans the eubacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis the eubacterium Epulopiscium fishelsoni the eubacterium Escherichia coliarrow_forwardHow can the hypothesis that asserts that chloroplasts as well as mitochondria were primitive prokaryotes that associated in mutualism with primitive anaerobic eukaryotic cells be corroborated?arrow_forward
- What were the earliest forms of life on Earth? What was the energy source for the earliest form of life on earth? What are the earliest records of life on Earth? What is able to grow and thrive under conditions that would kill most other organisms (high/low pH, etc)? What are psychrophiles? Describe radioresistant prokaryotes and their habitat preferences. Who developed postulates to identify disease-causing organisms? What percent of bacteria and archaea cannot be cultured? Describe the viable-but-not-culturable state of prokaryotes. Describe planktonic prokaryotes. Why do biofilms form? What holds biofilms together? Structure of Prokaryotes Describe the nucleoid. Describe conjugation. What happens during binary fission? What are cell walls of prokaryotes primarily composed of? What structure of Archaea is different from other domains of life? What is the Bacteria division into two groups based on? Prokaryotic Metabolism Which macronutrient is…arrow_forwardWhat are protocells? A) Abiotic membrane enclosed organelles. B) Precursors to Cnidaria C) Abiotic precursors to living cells.arrow_forwardA cell that utilizes light to obtain energy from organic carbon sources such as glucose would be called a O 1) lithoautotroph. O 2) chemoautotroph. O 3) photoautotroph. 04) O 4) photoheterotroph. O 5) chemoheterotroph.arrow_forward
- Why can’t larger multicellular organisms live in the same places as these archaeans?arrow_forwardYou have discovered a new species aquatic protist that is a primary producer. It cannot swim on its own. It appears to be resistant to physical damage from wave action due to the presence of a glass-like wall. Which of the following organisms would this organism be most like? A) diatom B) dinoflagellate C) apicomplexan D) red algaarrow_forwardA scientist claims that the Presence of aquaporins is in chloroplast membrane support that Endosymbiotic theory?arrow_forward
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