Chapter 17, Problem 81P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It should be indicated that how the given compound prepared from its given starting material.

Concept introduction: When an acyl group is attached to hydrogen then the compound is an aldehyde. When the acyl group is attached to an $\left(-\text{R}\right)$ group then the compound is a ketone. Both aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reaction.

Aldehydes react with Griganrds reagent to form secondary alcohols while ketones form tertiary alcohol. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced in the presence of reagent ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}$ and can be oxidized in the presence of $\text{NaOCl}/{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It should be indicated that how the given compound prepared from its given starting material.

Concept introduction: When an acyl group is attached to hydrogen then the compound is an aldehyde. When the acyl group is attached to an $\left(-\text{R}\right)$ group then the compound is a ketone. Both aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reaction.

Aldehydes react with Griganrds reagent to form secondary alcohols while ketones form tertiary alcohol. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced in the presence of reagent ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}$ and can be oxidized in the presence of $\text{NaOCl}/{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It should be indicated that how the given compound prepared from its given starting material.

Concept introduction: When an acyl group is attached to hydrogen then the compound is an aldehyde. When the acyl group is attached to an $\left(-\text{R}\right)$ group then the compound is a ketone. Both aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reaction.

Aldehydes react with Griganrds reagent to form secondary alcohols while ketones form tertiary alcohol. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced in the presence of reagent ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}$ and can be oxidized in the presence of $\text{NaOCl}/{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It should be indicated that how the given compound prepared from its given starting material.

Concept introduction: When an acyl group is attached to hydrogen then the compound is an aldehyde. When the acyl group is attached to an $\left(-\text{R}\right)$ group then the compound is a ketone. Both aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reaction.

Aldehydes react with Griganrds reagent to form secondary alcohols while ketones form tertiary alcohol. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced in the presence of reagent ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}$ and can be oxidized in the presence of $\text{NaOCl}/{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It should be indicated that how the given compound prepared from its given starting material.

Concept introduction: When an acyl group is attached to hydrogen then the compound is an aldehyde. When the acyl group is attached to an $\left(-\text{R}\right)$ group then the compound is a ketone. Both aldehydes and ketones undergo nucleophilic addition reaction.

Aldehydes react with Griganrds reagent to form secondary alcohols while ketones form tertiary alcohol. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced in the presence of reagent ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}$ and can be oxidized in the presence of $\text{NaOCl}/{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$.