Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The product of Perkin condensation has to be written
Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,
In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.
In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.
In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.
In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives
(b)
Interpretation: The compound formed after addition of water to the product of Perkin condensation has to be written.
Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,
In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.
In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.
In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.
In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.
(c)
Interpretation: The product of Knoevenagal condensation has to be written
Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,
In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.
In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.
In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.
In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.
(d)
Interpretation: A compound formed after product of Perkin condensation is heated in an acidic medium has to be written
Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,
In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.
In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.
In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.
In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
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Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning