The product of Perkin condensation has to be written Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions, In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation. In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid. In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction. In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 65P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Perkin condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound formed after addition of water to the product of Perkin condensation has to be written.

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Knoevenagal condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A compound formed after product of Perkin condensation is heated in an acidic medium has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

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3. Titanium(III) chloride can be used to catalyze the polymerization of ethylene. It is prepared by hydrogen reduction of Titanium(IV) chloride. Reaction of hydrogen gas with titanium(IV) chloride gas produces solid titanium(III) chloride and hydrogen chloride gas. (a) Write a BALANCED chemical reaction for the preparation of titanium(III) chloride (b) A 250 L reaction vessel at 325°C is filled with hydrogen gas to a pressure of 1.3 atm. Titanium(IV) chloride is then added to bring the total pressure to 3.00 atm. How many grams of titanium(III) chloride will be produced after completion of the reaction? (c) What will be the pressure of the resulting hydrogen chloride gas that is also produced?

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 65P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Perkin condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound formed after addition of water to the product of Perkin condensation has to be written.

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Knoevenagal condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A compound formed after product of Perkin condensation is heated in an acidic medium has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 65P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Perkin condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound formed after addition of water to the product of Perkin condensation has to be written.

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Knoevenagal condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A compound formed after product of Perkin condensation is heated in an acidic medium has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 65P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Perkin condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound formed after addition of water to the product of Perkin condensation has to be written.

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Knoevenagal condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A compound formed after product of Perkin condensation is heated in an acidic medium has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 65P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Perkin condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound formed after addition of water to the product of Perkin condensation has to be written.

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Knoevenagal condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A compound formed after product of Perkin condensation is heated in an acidic medium has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 65P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Perkin condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 65P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Perkin condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound formed after addition of water to the product of Perkin condensation has to be written.

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The compound formed after addition of water to the product of Perkin condensation has to be written.

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Knoevenagal condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The product of Knoevenagal condensation has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A compound formed after product of Perkin condensation is heated in an acidic medium has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A compound formed after product of Perkin condensation is heated in an acidic medium has to be written

Concept introduction: For the given condensation reactions,

In first case, acetic anhydride is treated with a base and a proton is abstracted. The enolate ion thus formed attacks carbonyl carbon of benzaldehyde. Loss of water molecule results in the formation of the product of Perkin condensation.

In second case, water is added to the product of Perkin condensation and it causes hydrolysis of the ester to form an acid.

In third case, diethyl malonate is treated with a base and enolate ion is formed. Enolate ion attacks a molecule of benzaldehyde and forms an intermediate species. Loss of a water molecule results in the formation of the product of Knoevenagel reaction.

In fourth case, the product of Knoevenagel reaction on acidic hydrolysis gives carboxylic acid and on heating undergoes decarboxylation.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 17.1 - Rank the compounds in each of the following groups...Ch. 17.2 - Explain why 92% of 2,4-pemtanedione exists as the...Ch. 17.3 - Draw the enol tautomers for each of the following...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 8P Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 10P

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