Chapter 17, Problem 5Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The method and its associated technique, through which a researcher can examine the proteins altered by drug calm in a mouse model.

Introduction:

The proteins expression is an ordered process, in which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is used as a template to transcribe messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that is further used in order to translate that sequence into proteins. Three nucleotides together form a codon that specifies an amino acid at that particular position. These amino acids together form a primary structure that folds in order to form the secondary and then tertiary and quaternary structure.

The expression of the protein is regulated at the transcription step as well as translation step. There are some DNA binding proteins that inhibit the RNA polymerase binding efficiently to the DNA sequence, thus, downregulating the transcription of mRNA.

The regulation at translational level can be regulated by the miRNAs (micro RNAs) that base pair with mRNA and inhibit its expression. Other than that, the proteins required for the translational machinery are also regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The drugs that regulate the expression of specific proteins at translational level do so through the above step or through inhibiting the assembly of ribosomes.

The following drug is acting through binding to the DNA or modifying the DNA sequence by acetylation or methylation of the cytosine in the gene. This happens because the down expression is of specific proteins if it was regulated at a translational level all the proteins inside the cell would have been down expression, which is not the case.