To determine: The town that had the most intensive application of rodenticide bromadiolone.
Introduction: Rodenticides are the pesticides that have a capability to kill the whole rodent species. Rodents have their own importance in nature, but sometimes they require some control over their population, as they could transmit disease, destroy crops, and may cause ecological damage. Warfarin is a common anticoagulant that could be used as a rodenticide to kill mice and rats.
After the discovery, warfarin has been widely used and later it resulted in development of species of warfarin-resistant mice and rats. Another recently developed one is bromadiolone, which is called as super-warfarin (second-generation warfarin) that has a greater ability to accumulate in the liver and kill the organism.
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Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
- b) () Environment Good Por Corticosterones are often called "stress hormones." Corticosterone concentration in the body can increase when a mammal is experiencing long- term stress, which typically occurs when a mammal lives in a poor environment. The chart above plots the quality of the environment versus corticosterone levels. Two groups of inbred lab mice (C and D) were sampled twice, once in a good environment and once in a poor environment. Provide a possible explanation why members of Group C had higher corticosterone levels in the good environment but members of Group D had higher corticosterone levels in the poor environment. Corticosterone levelsarrow_forwardA total of 1000 members of a Central American population are typed for the ABO blood group. In the sample, 421 have blood type A, 168 have blood type B, 336 have blood type O, and 75 have blood type AB. Part A Use this information to determine the frequency of ABO blood group alleles in the sample. Recall that when considering genes with three alleles whose frequencies are represented by the variables p, q, and r, the sum of genotype frequencies resulting from trinomial expansion is: (p+q+r)² =p² + 2pq+q2+2pr+r²+2gr = 1arrow_forwardFor a particular rodent, black fur is dominant over brown fur, and a long tail is dominant over a short tail. Give the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the possible offspring that could result from the breeding of a homozygous black fur and heterozygous tail rodent and a rodent of heterozygous for both traits.arrow_forward
- Half of the worlds population eats rice at least twice a day. Much of this rice is grown in flooded conditions, and different strains of rice are tolerant (survive) or intolerant (die) under these conditions. Rice breeders used genetic crosses to test whether tolerance to flooding is a dominant trait. Researchers used three true-breeding flood-tolerant strains, FR143, BKNFR, and Kurk, and two true-breeding flood- intolerant strains, IR42 and NB, in the crosses. Results were obtained from three sets of crosses and are reported in the Table below: Results of cross of F1 to tolerant parent: F1 plants were crossed with the tolerant parent of the cross. Number of Plants Progeny Analyzed from Intolerant Tolerant Cross Alive Dead Total 1. F2 results of cross: IR42 FR13A 187 77 264 IR42 BKNFR 192 73 265 NB Kurk 142 52 195 2. Results of cross of F1 to intolerant parent: (F1 of IR42 FR13A) IR42 14 17 31 (F1 of IR42 BKNFR) IR42 15 10 25 (F1 of NB Kurk) NB 21 35 56 3. Results of cross of F1 to tolerant parent: (F1 of IR42 FR13A) FR13A 31 0 31 (F1 of IR42 BKNFR) BKNFR 28 0 28 (F1 of NB Kurk) Kurk 40 0 40 Do the data support the hypothesis that the tolerance trait is dominant? Justify your conclusion by explaining the results from each of the three sets of crosses in terms of genotypes and phenotypic ratios. Source: T. Setter et al. 1997. Physiology and genetics of submergence tolerance in rice. Annals of Botany 79:6777.arrow_forwardLion populations are found all over sub- Saharan africa. How do the sequences above reinforce or contradict the idea that populations of lions who are genetically similar live in the same geographic area?arrow_forwardThe gene for pea pod colour has two alleles. The dominant allele, G, is associated with the dominant trait of green pea pod colour. The recessive allele, g, is associated with the recessive trait of yellow pea pod colour. For many years, there has been a large collection of pea plants with a mixture of yellow and green pea pod colours in a savannah. But there has been a recent infestation of wild rabbits with a preference for eating plants with yellow pea pods. Assume that at the start of the infestation, the alleles in the pea plant population were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (a) What does it mean for the alleles in the pea plant population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (b) What is expected to happen to the allele frequency of the g allele in the subsequent pea generations after the rabbits have been introduced? Explain your answer using terms from Darwinian evolution.arrow_forward
- Suppose that the probability of survival of the three different types of diploid individuals in mosquitoes, as a result of the drug, is given by the constants WRR, WRS, and WSS. What are the frequencies of the three different types after this differential survival?arrow_forwardAn island of the Galápagos archipelago is home to a medium ground finch that subsists mainly by eating seeds. A severe drought struck the island. During the drought, plants produced fewer seeds, and the finches soon depleted the stock of small and soft seeds, leaving only large and hard seeds that were difficult to process. In this environment, finches with deeper beaks were more likely to survive and pass their advantageous traits to their offspring by means of the principle called the 'inheritance of acquired characteristics'. Question 11 options: A) True B) Falsearrow_forwardStudents in a genetics laboratory began an experiment in an attempt to increase heat tolerance in two strains of Drosophila melanogaster. One strain was trapped from the wild six weeks before the experiment was to begin; the other was obtained from a Drosophila repository at a university laboratory. In which strain would you expect to see the most rapid and extensive response to heat-tolerance selection, and why?arrow_forward
- The agouti gene determines coat colour in mice. Heterozygous mice have yellow coats, while homozygous dominant mice have black coats. However, having two copies of the recessive alleles is lethal. In a population of 2 000 mice, 1 082 mice have black coats. a) Calculate the frequency of each allele. Show all your work and express your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places. b) What percentage of the mouse population is expected to be carriers of the lethal allele? Show all your work and express your answer rounded to one decimal place. c) How many mice will die during fetal development? Show all your work and round your answer to the closest whole number.arrow_forwardSome individuals in a canine population is susceptible to disease X, which strikes the adults. The susceptibility is later found to be determined by a single locus, with the R allele dominant over the r allele, such that the rr individuals are susceptible to the disease and the others immune. A population genetic survey showed that 1% of the newborns carry the rr genotype. Also, an independent estimation showed that mutation rate converting R to r is 5 × 10-3 per generation. You suspected that the r allele frequency is maintained by mutation- selection balance (MSB). If your hypothesis of MSB is true, then what is the survival rate for the rr adults? (Note: the equilibrium allele frequency ĝ is calculated as ĝ where %3D u is the mutation rate and s is the selection coefficient.) 5% 50% 95% 99% None of the abovearrow_forwardSuppose a geneticist is using a three-point test cross to map three linked rabbit morphology and behavioral mutations called si, It, and Le. The gene si is associated with the silky fur phenotype, and It is associated with the long-tailed phenotype. Both si and It are recessive mutations with respect to wild type. Le is a dominant mutation that confers the lethargic phenotype. The geneticist first crosses true-breeding lethargic rabbits to true-breeding silky fur, long-tailed rabbits. Next, the geneticist backcrosses the Fj progeny to the silky fur, long-tailed parents, and obtains the results reported in the table. Phenotype Number lethargic 815 silky fur, long-tailed 807 long-tailed 177 silky fur, lethargic 179 silky fur 7 long-tailed, lethargic 5 silky fur, long-tailed, lethargic 29 wild type 29 Place the genes in the correct order in the chromosome. Answer Bank si It Learrow_forward
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