The catalytic cofactors required by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are to be determined. Concept Introduction: Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The catalytic cofactors required by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

The correct answer is the option (a) NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) NAD+ , lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. An irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It is a multifunctional enzyme complex. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.

It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. NADH and NAD+ are both forms of a coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ get reduced by picking up the electrons lost in the oxidation and forms NADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase uses the thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP as its prosthetic group. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Conclusion

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (b) NAD⁺, biotin, thiamine pyrophosphate. Biotin is involved in some essential metabolic processes such as gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. Hence, the option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) NAD⁺, FAD, lipoic acid. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) FAD, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (d) is incorrect.

Thus, an irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Compare and contrast primary and secondary active transport mechanisms in terms of energy utilisation and efficiency. Provide examples of each and discuss their physiological significance in maintaining ionic balance and nutrient uptake. Rubric Understanding the key concepts (clearly and accurately explains primary and secondary active transport mechanisms, showing a deep understanding of their roles) Energy utilisation analysis ( thoroughly compares energy utilisation in primary and secondary transport with specific and relevant examples Efficiency discussion Use of examples (provides relevant and accurate examples (e.g sodium potassium pump, SGLT1) with clear links to physiological significance. Clarity and structure (presents ideas logically and cohesively with clear organisation and smooth transition between sections)

9. Which one of the compounds below is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction sequence, starting with ethyl acetoacetate? 요요. 1. NaOCH2CH3 CH3CH2OH 1. NaOH, H₂O 2. H3O+ 3. A OCH2CH3 2. ethyl acetoacetate ii A 3. H3O+ OH B C D E

7. Only one of the following ketones cannot be made via an acetoacetic ester synthesis. Which one is it? Ph کہ A B C D E

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The catalytic cofactors required by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

The correct answer is the option (a) NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) NAD+ , lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. An irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It is a multifunctional enzyme complex. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.

It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. NADH and NAD+ are both forms of a coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ get reduced by picking up the electrons lost in the oxidation and forms NADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase uses the thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP as its prosthetic group. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Conclusion

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (b) NAD⁺, biotin, thiamine pyrophosphate. Biotin is involved in some essential metabolic processes such as gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. Hence, the option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) NAD⁺, FAD, lipoic acid. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) FAD, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (d) is incorrect.

Thus, an irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The catalytic cofactors required by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

The correct answer is the option (a) NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) NAD+ , lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. An irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It is a multifunctional enzyme complex. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.

It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. NADH and NAD+ are both forms of a coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ get reduced by picking up the electrons lost in the oxidation and forms NADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase uses the thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP as its prosthetic group. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Conclusion

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (b) NAD⁺, biotin, thiamine pyrophosphate. Biotin is involved in some essential metabolic processes such as gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. Hence, the option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) NAD⁺, FAD, lipoic acid. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) FAD, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (d) is incorrect.

Thus, an irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The catalytic cofactors required by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

The correct answer is the option (a) NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) NAD+ , lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. An irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It is a multifunctional enzyme complex. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.

It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. NADH and NAD+ are both forms of a coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ get reduced by picking up the electrons lost in the oxidation and forms NADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase uses the thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP as its prosthetic group. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Conclusion

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (b) NAD⁺, biotin, thiamine pyrophosphate. Biotin is involved in some essential metabolic processes such as gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. Hence, the option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) NAD⁺, FAD, lipoic acid. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) FAD, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (d) is incorrect.

Thus, an irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The catalytic cofactors required by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

The correct answer is the option (a) NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) NAD+ , lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. An irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It is a multifunctional enzyme complex. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.

It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. NADH and NAD+ are both forms of a coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ get reduced by picking up the electrons lost in the oxidation and forms NADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase uses the thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP as its prosthetic group. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Conclusion

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (b) NAD⁺, biotin, thiamine pyrophosphate. Biotin is involved in some essential metabolic processes such as gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. Hence, the option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) NAD⁺, FAD, lipoic acid. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) FAD, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (d) is incorrect.

Thus, an irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The catalytic cofactors required by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

The correct answer is the option (a) NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) NAD+ , lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. An irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It is a multifunctional enzyme complex. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.

It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. NADH and NAD+ are both forms of a coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ get reduced by picking up the electrons lost in the oxidation and forms NADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase uses the thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP as its prosthetic group. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Conclusion

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (b) NAD⁺, biotin, thiamine pyrophosphate. Biotin is involved in some essential metabolic processes such as gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. Hence, the option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) NAD⁺, FAD, lipoic acid. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) FAD, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (d) is incorrect.

Thus, an irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The catalytic cofactors required by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer:

The correct answer is the option (a) NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (a) NAD+ , lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. An irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It is a multifunctional enzyme complex. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.

It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. NADH and NAD+ are both forms of a coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ get reduced by picking up the electrons lost in the oxidation and forms NADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase uses the thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP as its prosthetic group. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (b) NAD⁺, biotin, thiamine pyrophosphate. Biotin is involved in some essential metabolic processes such as gluconeogenesis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. Hence, the option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) NAD⁺, FAD, lipoic acid. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) FAD, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate. Lipoic acid acts as a cofactor for about five enzyme systems. Two of these enzymes systems are in the Krebs cycle. These help many organisms to produce energy. Hence, the option (d) is incorrect.

Thus, an irreversible catabolic reaction is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It occurs at the entry point of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. It uses the NAD⁺, lipoic acid, thiamine pyrophosphate as cofactors. Hence, the option (a) is correct.

Answer 13

Ch. 17 - Prob. 1P Ch. 17 - Prob. 2P Ch. 17 - Prob. 3P Ch. 17 - Prob. 4P Ch. 17 - Prob. 5P Ch. 17 - Prob. 6P Ch. 17 - Prob. 7P Ch. 17 - Prob. 8P Ch. 17 - Prob. 9P Ch. 17 - Prob. 10P

Concept explainers

Videos

Answer to Problem 1P

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 17 Solutions