The various causes of vomiting and vomiting process. Concept introduction: Digestive system consists of a collection of organs that help in the digestion of food materials and converting them into basic energy rich molecules for supplying it to the entire body. The digestive system disorders are the group of disorders that affect the structure and functions of the digestive organs. The common manifestations of digestive disorders include diarrhea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, and nausea.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 17, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The various causes of vomiting and vomiting process.

Concept introduction: Digestive system consists of a collection of organs that help in the digestion of food materials and converting them into basic energy rich molecules for supplying it to the entire body. The digestive system disorders are the group of disorders that affect the structure and functions of the digestive organs. The common manifestations of digestive disorders include diarrhea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, and nausea.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Vomiting is a common indicator of digestive or gastrointestinal disorders and also considered as a part of body’s defense to remove noxious substances from the body. It can be taken into account for the diagnosis of disease by determining the characteristics of the vomitus and the vomiting patterns. Vomiting occurs when the chyme (partially digested food with gastric secretions) is forcefully expelled from the stomach or sometimes from the intestine to mouth.

Various causes of vomiting are as follows:

Expansion (or enlargement) or irritability in the digestive tract stimulates and activates the vomiting center in the medulla and causes vomiting.
Unpleasant smell or sights or ischemic response stimulate various parts of the brain to activate the vomiting center.
Motion sickness
Pain or stress
Sudden projectile vomiting (without previous nausea or food intake) occurs when the intracranial pressure in the brain increases.
Sometimes drugs, toxins, and other chemicals stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone present in the medulla.

The process of vomiting:

The process of vomiting starts by taking a deep breath. Subsequently, epiglottis is closed and soft palate muscles of the mouth are raised. To reduce the risk of aspiration of vomitus into the lungs, respiration process is ceased for a while. Otherwise, there is a high chance of vomitus to get into the lungs and cause inflammation and obstruction of airways. Gastroesophageal sphincter muscles get relaxed and abdominal muscles are contracted to squeeze the stomach against the diaphragm. This force out the gastric contents upward and out from the mouth. Reverse motion of peristaltic waves of the proximal duodenum and antrum promotes the expulsion of stomach contents. Before the process of complete vomiting, retching may occur. Retching is the process in which the chyme ascends in the esophagus but then falls back into the stomach.

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Explain the BEINGS model of disease causation. The acronym “BEINGS” stands for biological, environmental, immunological, nutritional, genetic, and social factors.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 17, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The various causes of vomiting and vomiting process.

Concept introduction: Digestive system consists of a collection of organs that help in the digestion of food materials and converting them into basic energy rich molecules for supplying it to the entire body. The digestive system disorders are the group of disorders that affect the structure and functions of the digestive organs. The common manifestations of digestive disorders include diarrhea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, and nausea.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Vomiting is a common indicator of digestive or gastrointestinal disorders and also considered as a part of body’s defense to remove noxious substances from the body. It can be taken into account for the diagnosis of disease by determining the characteristics of the vomitus and the vomiting patterns. Vomiting occurs when the chyme (partially digested food with gastric secretions) is forcefully expelled from the stomach or sometimes from the intestine to mouth.

Various causes of vomiting are as follows:

Expansion (or enlargement) or irritability in the digestive tract stimulates and activates the vomiting center in the medulla and causes vomiting.
Unpleasant smell or sights or ischemic response stimulate various parts of the brain to activate the vomiting center.
Motion sickness
Pain or stress
Sudden projectile vomiting (without previous nausea or food intake) occurs when the intracranial pressure in the brain increases.
Sometimes drugs, toxins, and other chemicals stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone present in the medulla.

The process of vomiting:

The process of vomiting starts by taking a deep breath. Subsequently, epiglottis is closed and soft palate muscles of the mouth are raised. To reduce the risk of aspiration of vomitus into the lungs, respiration process is ceased for a while. Otherwise, there is a high chance of vomitus to get into the lungs and cause inflammation and obstruction of airways. Gastroesophageal sphincter muscles get relaxed and abdominal muscles are contracted to squeeze the stomach against the diaphragm. This force out the gastric contents upward and out from the mouth. Reverse motion of peristaltic waves of the proximal duodenum and antrum promotes the expulsion of stomach contents. Before the process of complete vomiting, retching may occur. Retching is the process in which the chyme ascends in the esophagus but then falls back into the stomach.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 17, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The various causes of vomiting and vomiting process.

Concept introduction: Digestive system consists of a collection of organs that help in the digestion of food materials and converting them into basic energy rich molecules for supplying it to the entire body. The digestive system disorders are the group of disorders that affect the structure and functions of the digestive organs. The common manifestations of digestive disorders include diarrhea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, and nausea.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Vomiting is a common indicator of digestive or gastrointestinal disorders and also considered as a part of body’s defense to remove noxious substances from the body. It can be taken into account for the diagnosis of disease by determining the characteristics of the vomitus and the vomiting patterns. Vomiting occurs when the chyme (partially digested food with gastric secretions) is forcefully expelled from the stomach or sometimes from the intestine to mouth.

Various causes of vomiting are as follows:

Expansion (or enlargement) or irritability in the digestive tract stimulates and activates the vomiting center in the medulla and causes vomiting.
Unpleasant smell or sights or ischemic response stimulate various parts of the brain to activate the vomiting center.
Motion sickness
Pain or stress
Sudden projectile vomiting (without previous nausea or food intake) occurs when the intracranial pressure in the brain increases.
Sometimes drugs, toxins, and other chemicals stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone present in the medulla.

The process of vomiting:

The process of vomiting starts by taking a deep breath. Subsequently, epiglottis is closed and soft palate muscles of the mouth are raised. To reduce the risk of aspiration of vomitus into the lungs, respiration process is ceased for a while. Otherwise, there is a high chance of vomitus to get into the lungs and cause inflammation and obstruction of airways. Gastroesophageal sphincter muscles get relaxed and abdominal muscles are contracted to squeeze the stomach against the diaphragm. This force out the gastric contents upward and out from the mouth. Reverse motion of peristaltic waves of the proximal duodenum and antrum promotes the expulsion of stomach contents. Before the process of complete vomiting, retching may occur. Retching is the process in which the chyme ascends in the esophagus but then falls back into the stomach.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 17, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The various causes of vomiting and vomiting process.

Concept introduction: Digestive system consists of a collection of organs that help in the digestion of food materials and converting them into basic energy rich molecules for supplying it to the entire body. The digestive system disorders are the group of disorders that affect the structure and functions of the digestive organs. The common manifestations of digestive disorders include diarrhea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, and nausea.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Vomiting is a common indicator of digestive or gastrointestinal disorders and also considered as a part of body’s defense to remove noxious substances from the body. It can be taken into account for the diagnosis of disease by determining the characteristics of the vomitus and the vomiting patterns. Vomiting occurs when the chyme (partially digested food with gastric secretions) is forcefully expelled from the stomach or sometimes from the intestine to mouth.

Various causes of vomiting are as follows:

Expansion (or enlargement) or irritability in the digestive tract stimulates and activates the vomiting center in the medulla and causes vomiting.
Unpleasant smell or sights or ischemic response stimulate various parts of the brain to activate the vomiting center.
Motion sickness
Pain or stress
Sudden projectile vomiting (without previous nausea or food intake) occurs when the intracranial pressure in the brain increases.
Sometimes drugs, toxins, and other chemicals stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone present in the medulla.

The process of vomiting:

The process of vomiting starts by taking a deep breath. Subsequently, epiglottis is closed and soft palate muscles of the mouth are raised. To reduce the risk of aspiration of vomitus into the lungs, respiration process is ceased for a while. Otherwise, there is a high chance of vomitus to get into the lungs and cause inflammation and obstruction of airways. Gastroesophageal sphincter muscles get relaxed and abdominal muscles are contracted to squeeze the stomach against the diaphragm. This force out the gastric contents upward and out from the mouth. Reverse motion of peristaltic waves of the proximal duodenum and antrum promotes the expulsion of stomach contents. Before the process of complete vomiting, retching may occur. Retching is the process in which the chyme ascends in the esophagus but then falls back into the stomach.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The various causes of vomiting and vomiting process.

Concept introduction: Digestive system consists of a collection of organs that help in the digestion of food materials and converting them into basic energy rich molecules for supplying it to the entire body. The digestive system disorders are the group of disorders that affect the structure and functions of the digestive organs. The common manifestations of digestive disorders include diarrhea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, and nausea.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Vomiting is a common indicator of digestive or gastrointestinal disorders and also considered as a part of body’s defense to remove noxious substances from the body. It can be taken into account for the diagnosis of disease by determining the characteristics of the vomitus and the vomiting patterns. Vomiting occurs when the chyme (partially digested food with gastric secretions) is forcefully expelled from the stomach or sometimes from the intestine to mouth.

Various causes of vomiting are as follows:

Expansion (or enlargement) or irritability in the digestive tract stimulates and activates the vomiting center in the medulla and causes vomiting.
Unpleasant smell or sights or ischemic response stimulate various parts of the brain to activate the vomiting center.
Motion sickness
Pain or stress
Sudden projectile vomiting (without previous nausea or food intake) occurs when the intracranial pressure in the brain increases.
Sometimes drugs, toxins, and other chemicals stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone present in the medulla.

The process of vomiting:

The process of vomiting starts by taking a deep breath. Subsequently, epiglottis is closed and soft palate muscles of the mouth are raised. To reduce the risk of aspiration of vomitus into the lungs, respiration process is ceased for a while. Otherwise, there is a high chance of vomitus to get into the lungs and cause inflammation and obstruction of airways. Gastroesophageal sphincter muscles get relaxed and abdominal muscles are contracted to squeeze the stomach against the diaphragm. This force out the gastric contents upward and out from the mouth. Reverse motion of peristaltic waves of the proximal duodenum and antrum promotes the expulsion of stomach contents. Before the process of complete vomiting, retching may occur. Retching is the process in which the chyme ascends in the esophagus but then falls back into the stomach.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The various causes of vomiting and vomiting process.

Concept introduction: Digestive system consists of a collection of organs that help in the digestion of food materials and converting them into basic energy rich molecules for supplying it to the entire body. The digestive system disorders are the group of disorders that affect the structure and functions of the digestive organs. The common manifestations of digestive disorders include diarrhea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, and nausea.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Vomiting is a common indicator of digestive or gastrointestinal disorders and also considered as a part of body’s defense to remove noxious substances from the body. It can be taken into account for the diagnosis of disease by determining the characteristics of the vomitus and the vomiting patterns. Vomiting occurs when the chyme (partially digested food with gastric secretions) is forcefully expelled from the stomach or sometimes from the intestine to mouth.

Various causes of vomiting are as follows:

Expansion (or enlargement) or irritability in the digestive tract stimulates and activates the vomiting center in the medulla and causes vomiting.
Unpleasant smell or sights or ischemic response stimulate various parts of the brain to activate the vomiting center.
Motion sickness
Pain or stress
Sudden projectile vomiting (without previous nausea or food intake) occurs when the intracranial pressure in the brain increases.
Sometimes drugs, toxins, and other chemicals stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone present in the medulla.

The process of vomiting:

The process of vomiting starts by taking a deep breath. Subsequently, epiglottis is closed and soft palate muscles of the mouth are raised. To reduce the risk of aspiration of vomitus into the lungs, respiration process is ceased for a while. Otherwise, there is a high chance of vomitus to get into the lungs and cause inflammation and obstruction of airways. Gastroesophageal sphincter muscles get relaxed and abdominal muscles are contracted to squeeze the stomach against the diaphragm. This force out the gastric contents upward and out from the mouth. Reverse motion of peristaltic waves of the proximal duodenum and antrum promotes the expulsion of stomach contents. Before the process of complete vomiting, retching may occur. Retching is the process in which the chyme ascends in the esophagus but then falls back into the stomach.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 1LO

Summary Introduction

To describe: The various causes of vomiting and vomiting process.

Concept introduction: Digestive system consists of a collection of organs that help in the digestion of food materials and converting them into basic energy rich molecules for supplying it to the entire body. The digestive system disorders are the group of disorders that affect the structure and functions of the digestive organs. The common manifestations of digestive disorders include diarrhea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, and nausea.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Vomiting is a common indicator of digestive or gastrointestinal disorders and also considered as a part of body’s defense to remove noxious substances from the body. It can be taken into account for the diagnosis of disease by determining the characteristics of the vomitus and the vomiting patterns. Vomiting occurs when the chyme (partially digested food with gastric secretions) is forcefully expelled from the stomach or sometimes from the intestine to mouth.

Various causes of vomiting are as follows:

Expansion (or enlargement) or irritability in the digestive tract stimulates and activates the vomiting center in the medulla and causes vomiting.
Unpleasant smell or sights or ischemic response stimulate various parts of the brain to activate the vomiting center.
Motion sickness
Pain or stress
Sudden projectile vomiting (without previous nausea or food intake) occurs when the intracranial pressure in the brain increases.
Sometimes drugs, toxins, and other chemicals stimulate the chemoreceptor trigger zone present in the medulla.

The process of vomiting:

The process of vomiting starts by taking a deep breath. Subsequently, epiglottis is closed and soft palate muscles of the mouth are raised. To reduce the risk of aspiration of vomitus into the lungs, respiration process is ceased for a while. Otherwise, there is a high chance of vomitus to get into the lungs and cause inflammation and obstruction of airways. Gastroesophageal sphincter muscles get relaxed and abdominal muscles are contracted to squeeze the stomach against the diaphragm. This force out the gastric contents upward and out from the mouth. Reverse motion of peristaltic waves of the proximal duodenum and antrum promotes the expulsion of stomach contents. Before the process of complete vomiting, retching may occur. Retching is the process in which the chyme ascends in the esophagus but then falls back into the stomach.