Chemistry Atoms First2e
Chemistry Atoms First2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172647
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 17, Problem 1E

What is the difference between average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate?

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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The difference between average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate is to be determined.

Concept Introduction: The average rate is the rate of reaction over a longer period of time as compared to the instantaneous rate which is the rate at a particular instant. The initial rate is the instantaneous rate of reaction when a reaction commences.

Explanation of Solution

Average rate over a specific time period is defined as the change in a concentration over that period divided by the time interval. The initial rate is the instantaneous rate of reaction when a reaction commences, just as the new product begins to get formed. The instantaneous rate is the rate of a reaction at any specific point in time, expressed as the differential of concentration with respect to time. Thus, the average rate is the rate of reaction over a longer period of time as compared to the instantaneous rate which is the rate at a particular instant.

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Chapter 17 Solutions

Chemistry Atoms First2e

Ch. 17 - In the PhET Reactions under Options. (a) Leave...Ch. 17 - How do the rate of a reaction and its rate...Ch. 17 - Doubling the concentration of a reactant increases...Ch. 17 - Tripling the concentration of a reactant increases...Ch. 17 - How much and in what direction will each of the...Ch. 17 - How will each of the following affect the rate of...Ch. 17 - Regular ?ights of supersonic aircraft in the...Ch. 17 - Radioactive phosphorus is used in the study of...Ch. 17 - The rate constant for the radioactive decay of 14C...Ch. 17 - The decomposition of acetaldehyde is a second...Ch. 17 - Alcohol is removed from the bloodstream by a...Ch. 17 - Under certain conditions the decomposition of...Ch. 17 - Nitrosyl chloride, NOCI, decomposes to NO and CI2....Ch. 17 - From the following data, determine the rate...Ch. 17 - Nitrogen monoxide reacts with chlorine according...Ch. 17 - Hydrogen reacts with nitrogen monoxide to form...Ch. 17 - For the reaction AB+C, the following data were...Ch. 17 - For the reaction QW+X, the following data were...Ch. 17 - The rate constant for the ?rst-order decomposition...Ch. 17 - The annual production of HNO3 in 2013 was 60...Ch. 17 - The following data have been determined for the...Ch. 17 - Describe how graphical methods can be used to...Ch. 17 - Use the data provided to graphically determine the...Ch. 17 - Pure ozone decomposes slowly to oxygen, 2O33O2(g)....Ch. 17 - From the given data, use a graphical method to...Ch. 17 - What is the half-life for the first-order decay of...Ch. 17 - What is the half-life for the first-order decay of...Ch. 17 - What is the half-life for the decomposition of...Ch. 17 - What is the half-life for the decomposition of O3...Ch. 17 - The reaction of compoundA to give compoundsC andD...Ch. 17 - The half-life of a reaction of compoundA to give...Ch. 17 - Some bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic...Ch. 17 - Both technetium-99 and thallium-201 are used to...Ch. 17 - There are two molecules with the formula C3H6...Ch. 17 - Fluorine-18 is a radioactive isotope that decays...Ch. 17 - Suppose that the half-life of steroids taken by an...Ch. 17 - Recently, the skeleton of King Richard III was...Ch. 17 - Nitroglycerine is an extremely sensitive...Ch. 17 - For the past 10 years, the unsaturated hydrocarbon...Ch. 17 - Chemical reactions occur when reactants collide....Ch. 17 - When every collision between reactants leads to a...Ch. 17 - What is the activation energy of a reaction, and...Ch. 17 - Account for the relationship between the rate of a...Ch. 17 - Describe how graphical methods can be used to...Ch. 17 - How does an increase in temperature affect rate of...Ch. 17 - The rate of a certain reaction doubles for every...Ch. 17 - In an experiment, a sample of NaClO3 was 90%...Ch. 17 - The rate constant at 325 C for the decomposition...Ch. 17 - The rate constant for the decomposition of...Ch. 17 - An elevated level of the enzyme alkaline...Ch. 17 - In terms of collision theory, to which of the...Ch. 17 - Hydrogen iodide, HI, decomposes in the gas phase...Ch. 17 - The element Co exists in two oxidation states,...Ch. 17 - The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars...Ch. 17 - Use the PhET Reactions Single collision" tab of...Ch. 17 - Use the PhET Reactions Single collision tab of the...Ch. 17 - Why awe elementary reactions involving three or...Ch. 17 - In general, can we predict the effect of doubling...Ch. 17 - Define these terms: (a) unimolecular reaction (b)...Ch. 17 - What is the rate law for the elementary...Ch. 17 - Given the following reactions and the...Ch. 17 - Write the rate equation for each of the following...Ch. 17 - Nitrogen (Il) oxide, NO, reacts with hydrogen, H2,...Ch. 17 - Experiments were conducted to study the rate of...Ch. 17 - The reaction of CO with CI2 gives phosgene...Ch. 17 - . Account for the increase in reaction rate...Ch. 17 - Compare the functions of homogeneous and...Ch. 17 - Consider this scenario and answer the following...Ch. 17 - Water gas is a 1:1 mixture of carbon monoxide and...Ch. 17 - Nitrogen and oxygen react at high temperatures....Ch. 17 - For each of the following pairs of reaction...Ch. 17 - For each of the following pairs of reaction...Ch. 17 - For each of the following reaction diagrams,...Ch. 17 - For each of the following reaction diagrams,...Ch. 17 - Assuming the diagrams in Exercise 17.83 represent...Ch. 17 - Consider the similarities and differences in the...
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