Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781119329398
Author: Gerard J Tortora, Bryan Derrickson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Textbook Question
Chapter 17, Problem 1CP
How do basal cells contribute to olfaction?
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To review:
The contribution of basal cells in olfaction.
Introduction:
A chemoreception, which creates the sense of smell, is called as olfaction. This chemoreception has many other purposes apart from the sense of smell. These are the detection of hazards, food, and pheromones. The sense of flavor is formed when olfaction integrates with other senses.
Explanation of Solution
The nose is the primary organ for olfaction. It consists of olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells. Olfactory receptor cells are considered as the first-order neurons of olfactory pathway. The cilia are present as the site for olfactory transduction. Supporting cells refer to the columnar epithelial cells belonging to the mucous membrane that lines to the nose. On the other hand, basal cells refer to the stem cells that is situated between the bases of the variety of supporting cells. These basal cell undergoes cellular division in order to release newly formed olfactory receptor cells. These receptor cells live for about 2 months before being substituted. This process is phenomenal because the olfactory receptors cells are the neurons and matured neurons are not usually replaced.
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be concluded that basal cells are involved in the cellular division in order to generate new receptor cells for olfaction.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 17 Solutions
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 17 - How do basal cells contribute to olfaction?Ch. 17 - What is the sequence of events from the binding of...Ch. 17 - How do olfactory receptor cells and gustatory...Ch. 17 - Trace the path of a gustatory stimulus from...Ch. 17 - 5. Compare the olfactory and gustatory' pathways.
Ch. 17 - What is visible light?Ch. 17 - 7. What is the conjunctiva?
Ch. 17 - Why is the lacrimal apparatus important?Ch. 17 - What types of cells make up the neural layer and...Ch. 17 - 10. Why is aqueous humor important?
Ch. 17 - How do photopigments respond to light and recover...Ch. 17 - How do receptor potentials arise in...Ch. 17 - By what pathway do nerve impulses triggered by an...Ch. 17 - 14. How are sound waves transmitted from the...Ch. 17 - How do hair cells in the cochlea and vestibular...Ch. 17 - What is the pathway for auditory impulses from the...Ch. 17 - Compare the functions of the utricle, saccule, and...Ch. 17 - What is the role of vestibular input to the...Ch. 17 - Describe the equilibrium pathways.Ch. 17 - How do the origins of the eyes and ears differ?Ch. 17 - 21. What changes in the eyes and ears are related...Ch. 17 - Mario has experienced damage to his facial nerve....Ch. 17 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 17 - As you help your neighbor put drops in her...
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