Chapter 17, Problem 17.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In the decomposition reaction of sodium bicarbonate, ${\text{2NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(s)}}\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3(s)}}{\text{ + CO}}_{\text{2(g)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(g)}}$, the direction to which the equilibrium shifts when $\text{0}\text{.20 atm}$ of argon gas is added has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Comparison of ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ and K}}_{\text{c}}$ :

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ < K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will proceed in right direction, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{products}$

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ > K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will proceed in left direction, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\leftarrow }\text{products}$

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ = K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will remain unchanged, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }\text{products}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In the decomposition reaction of sodium bicarbonate, ${\text{2NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(s)}}\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3(s)}}{\text{ + CO}}_{\text{2(g)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(g)}}$, the direction to which the equilibrium shifts when ${\text{NaHCO}}_{\text{3(s)}}$ is added has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Comparison of ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ and K}}_{\text{c}}$ :

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ < K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will proceed in right direction, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{products}$

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ > K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will proceed in left direction, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\leftarrow }\text{products}$

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ = K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will remain unchanged, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }\text{products}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In the decomposition reaction of sodium bicarbonate, ${\text{2NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(s)}}\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3(s)}}{\text{ + CO}}_{\text{2(g)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(g)}}$, the direction to which the equilibrium shifts when ${\text{Mg(ClO}}_{\text{4}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2(s)}}$ is added as a drying agent to remove ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Comparison of ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ and K}}_{\text{c}}$ :

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ < K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will proceed in right direction, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{products}$

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ > K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will proceed in left direction, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\leftarrow }\text{products}$

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ = K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will remain unchanged, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }\text{products}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

In the decomposition reaction of sodium bicarbonate, ${\text{2NaHCO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(s)}}\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }{\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3(s)}}{\text{ + CO}}_{\text{2(g)}}{\text{+ H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(g)}}$, the direction to which the equilibrium shifts when dry ice is added at constant T has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Comparison of ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ and K}}_{\text{c}}$ :

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ < K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will proceed in right direction, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\to }\text{products}$

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ > K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will proceed in left direction, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\leftarrow }\text{products}$

When ${\text{Q}}_{\text{c}}{\text{ = K}}_{\text{c}}$, the reaction will remain unchanged, $\text{reactants}\stackrel{}{\rightleftharpoons }\text{products}$