Chapter 17, Problem 17.40AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of isotopically substituted derivative of geranyl pyrophosphate that could used to prove that the hydrolysis of geranyl pyrophosphate to geraniol proceeds by opposite-side substitution is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as a substitution reaction. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron-deficient carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to the how the alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of the isotopically substituted geraniol product by ${\text{NAD}}^{+}$ could be used to establish stereochemistry isotopically substituted derivative of geranyl pyrophosphate is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes are the biological catalyst. They are used to increase the rate of reactions which are occurring in a biological system.

The coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ${\text{NAD}}^{+}$ is used in biological systems for oxidation of compounds. The ${\text{NAD}}^{+}$ is reduced to $\text{NADH}$ by transferring hydride ion.