ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259977596
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 17, Problem 17.2P
What orbitals are used to form the labeled bonds in the following molecule? Of the labeled
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Formation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen is an exothermic process. Which of the following statements is true about the bonds that are broken and formed during this reaction?
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g)
a.) products have lower PE because product bonds are weaker than reactants
b.) products have higher PE because product bonds are stronger than reactants
c.) products have higher PE because product bonds are weaker than reactants
d.) products have lower PE because product bonds are stronger than reactants
What kinds of bonds are present in this molecule?
Mostly polar OH bonds
Mostly polar NH bonds
Mostly nonpolar OH bonds
Mostly polar CO bonds
Mostly polar CC and CH bonds
Mostly nonpolar CC and CH bonds
OH
A chemist wants to observe the following reaction:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
The chemist is standing inside a room with oxygen in the air and has a balloon filled with hydrogen. The chemist holds a small flame up to the hydrogen balloon. When the balloon pops, the hydrogen explodes in a ball of fire.
Based on what you know about breaking and forming bonds, explain which part of the reaction is higher in energy (i.e., does it take more energy to break the bonds of the reactants, or is more energy given off when the product bonds are formed?). Defend your answer in three to five sentences.
Chapter 17 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.1PCh. 17 - Problem 17.2 What orbitals are used to form the...Ch. 17 - Problem-17.3. Give the IUPAC name for each...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4PCh. 17 - Problem-17.5 What is the structure of propofol,...Ch. 17 - Problem 17.6 What is the structure of a compound...Ch. 17 - Problem 17.7 How many NMR signals does each...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.8PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.9PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.10P
Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.11PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.12PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.13PCh. 17 - Problem 17.14 Januvia, the trade name for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.15PCh. 17 - Problem 17.16 Rank the following compounds in...Ch. 17 - Problem 17.17 Draw the seven resonance structures...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.18PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.19PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.20PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.21PCh. 17 - Problem 17.22 How many NMR signals does ...Ch. 17 - 17.23 Name each compound and state how many lines...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.24PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.25PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.26PCh. 17 - 17.27 Give the IUPAC name for each compounds.
a....Ch. 17 - 17.28 Draw a structure corresponding to each...Ch. 17 - 17.29 a. Draw the 14 constitutional isomers of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.30PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.31PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.32PCh. 17 - 17.33 Label each compound as aromatic,...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.34PCh. 17 - 17.35 Pentalene, azulene, and heptalene are...Ch. 17 - 17.36 The purine heterocycle occurs commonly in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.37PCh. 17 - 17.38
How many electrons does C contain?
How...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.39PCh. 17 - 17.40 Explain the observed rate of reactivity of...Ch. 17 - 17.41 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.42PCh. 17 - 17.43 Draw additional resonance structures for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.44PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.45PCh. 17 - 17.46 Which compound in each pair is the stronger...Ch. 17 - 17.47 Treatment of indene with forms its...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.48PCh. 17 - 17.49 Draw the conjugate bases of pyrrole and...Ch. 17 - 17.50 a. Explain why protonation of pyrrole occurs...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.51PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.52PCh. 17 - 17.53 How many signals does each compound...Ch. 17 - 17.54 Which of the diethylbenzene isomers (ortho,...Ch. 17 - 17.55 Propose a structure consistent with each...Ch. 17 - 17.56 Propose a structure consistent with each...Ch. 17 - 17.57 Thymol (molecular formula ) is the major...Ch. 17 - 17.58 You have a sample of a compound of molecular...Ch. 17 - 17.59 Explain why tetrahydrofuran has a higher...Ch. 17 - 17.60 Rizatriptan (trade name Maxalt) is a...Ch. 17 - 17.61 Zolpidem (trade name Ambien) promotes the...Ch. 17 - 17.62 Answer the following questions about...Ch. 17 - 17.63 Stanozolol is an anabolic steroid that...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.64PCh. 17 - 17.65 Use the observed data to decide whether C...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.66PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.67PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.68PCh. 17 - 17.69 Although benzene itself absorbs at in its ...
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- Sodium fluoroacetate (NaO2C2H2F) is a common poison used in New Zealand to control invasive species, such as rats. It can be prepared by the substitution of a C-CI bond in sodium chloroacetate (NaO2C2H2CI) for a C-F bond. What is the approximate enthalpy change for this substitution reaction on a 5.000 mole sample, based on the following bond energies? C-CI = 339.0 kJ/mol C-F = 485.0 kJ/molarrow_forwardTwo useful organic compounds that contain Cl atoms are vinyl chloride (CH2 = CHCl) and chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl). Vinyl chloride is the starting material used to prepare poly(vinyl chloride), a plastic used in insulation, pipes, and bottles. Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) is a tica roman local anesthetic. Why is the C–Cl bond of vinyl chloride stronger than the C–Cl bond in chloroethane ?arrow_forwardTwo useful organic compounds that contain Cl atoms are vinyl chloride (CH2 = CHCl) and chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl). Vinyl chloride is the starting material used to prepare poly(vinyl chloride), a plastic used in insulation, pipes, and bottles.Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) is a tica roman local anesthetic. Why is the C–Cl bond of vinyl chloride stronger than the C–Cl bond in chloroethane ?arrow_forward
- How many quaternary carbons in this compound? O 5 O 2 O 1 O 4 O 3arrow_forwardWhat does the following figure represent? the overlap of two 1s orbitals to form a pi bond the overlap of a 1s orbital and a 2p orbital to form a sigma bond the overlap of a 1s orbital and a 2p orbital to form a pi bond the overlap of two 2p orbitals to form a sigma bond the overlap of two 2p orbitals to form a pi bondarrow_forwardUsing the bond energies provided, calculate the enthalpy of the reaction (∆Hrxn, in kJ) for the combustion of methanol shown below. CH3OH(l) +3/2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 H2O(g)arrow_forward
- For the following descriptions of molecules, draw the Lewis structure (showing all atoms, lone pairs, formal charges) of the molecule and show all bond angles (assuming ideal VSEPR angles). An organic compound with the molecular formula H3CNO2. C is sp2 hybridized, N is sp3 hybridized, one O is sp² hybridized, while the second O is sp3 hybridized. An organic compound with the molecular formula H2CNO*. Both C and O are sp hybridized while N is sp³ hybridized.arrow_forwardCalculate the Enthalpy Change (ΔH) from average bond energies, which have been listed below in KJ/mol, for the following reaction and identify the nature of the reaction: CH3COOH + CH3OH → CH3COOCH3 + H2O [C‒H: 413; C‒C: 347; C=O: 745; C=C: 614; Cl‒Cl: 239, C‒O: 358; O‒H: 467]arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true about o bonds o bonds are the 1st bonds made between two atoms o bonds are formed from end to end overlap of orbitals o bonds have cylindrical symmetry and are free to rotate around the internuclear axis a carbon atom participating in 2 or more o bonds must be sp^2 or sp^3 hybridized none of abovearrow_forward
- Two useful organic compounds that contain Cl atoms are vinyl chloride(CH2=CHCl) and chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl). Vinyl chloride is the startingmaterial used to prepare poly(vinyl chloride), a plastic in insulation,pipes, and bottles. Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) is a local anesthetic.Why is the C–Cl bond in vinyl chloride stronger than the C–Cl bond inchloroethane?arrow_forwardTwo useful organic compounds that contain Cl atoms are vinyl chloride (CH2=CHCl) and chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl). Vinyl chloride is the starting material used to prepare poly(vinyl chloride), a plastic in insulation, pipes, and bottles. Chloroethane (ethyl chloride) is a local anesthetic. Why is the C–Cl bond in vinyl chloride stronger than the C–Cl bond in chloroethane?arrow_forwardTwo compounds have the molecular formula N3H3. One of the compounds, triazene, contains an NN bond; the other compound, triaziridene, does not. (a) Write the correct Lewis structures for each compound. (b) Approximate the bond angle between the three nitrogen atoms in each compound.arrow_forward
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