a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene Interpretation: The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution. Concept introduction: Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene. To rank: The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Question

43) 10.00 ml of vinegar (active ingredient is acetic acid) is titrated to the endpoint using 19.32 ml of 0.250 M sodium hydroxide. What is the molarity of acetic acid in the vinegar? YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. NOTE: MA x VA = MB x VB

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16.SE, Problem 48AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene

Interpretation:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

b) p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol

Interpretation:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, o-xylene

Interpretation:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrile

Interpretation:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

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43) 10.00 ml of vinegar (active ingredient is acetic acid) is titrated to the endpoint using 19.32 ml of 0.250 M sodium hydroxide. What is the molarity of acetic acid in the vinegar? YOU MUST SHOW YOUR WORK. NOTE: MA x VA = MB x VB

424 Repon Sheet Rates of Chemical Reactions : Rate and Order of 1,0, Deception B. Effect of Temperature BATH TEMPERATURE 35'c Yol of Oh نام Time 485 Buret rend ing(n) 12 194 16. 6 18 20 10 22 24 14 115 95 14738 2158235 8:26 CMS 40148 Total volume of 0, collected Barometric pressure 770-572 ml mm Hg Vapor pressure of water at bath temperature (see Appendix L) 42.2 Slope Compared with the rate found for solution 1, there is Using the ideal gas law, calculate the moles of O; collected (show calculations) times faster 10 Based on the moles of O, evolved, calculate the molar concentration of the original 3% 1,0, solution (sho calculations)

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16.SE, Problem 48AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene

Interpretation:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

b) p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol

Interpretation:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, o-xylene

Interpretation:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrile

Interpretation:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16.SE, Problem 48AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene

Interpretation:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

b) p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol

Interpretation:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, o-xylene

Interpretation:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrile

Interpretation:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16.SE, Problem 48AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene

Interpretation:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

b) p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol

Interpretation:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, o-xylene

Interpretation:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrile

Interpretation:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16.SE, Problem 48AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene

Interpretation:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

b) p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol

Interpretation:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, o-xylene

Interpretation:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Interpretation Introduction

d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrile

Interpretation:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Answer 6

Chapter 16.SE, Problem 48AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene

Interpretation:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Answer 7

Chapter 16.SE, Problem 48AP

Interpretation Introduction

a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene

Interpretation:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b) p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol

Interpretation:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b) p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol

Interpretation:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, o-xylene

Interpretation:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, o-xylene

Interpretation:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrile

Interpretation:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrile

Interpretation:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Concept introduction:

Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.

To rank:

The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Answer 14

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Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 16.2 - Propose a mechanism for the electrophilic...Ch. 16.2 - How many products might be formed on chlorination...Ch. 16.2 - When benzene is treated with D2SÅª4. deuterium...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 16.3 - What is the major monosubstitution product from...Ch. 16.3 - Identify the carboxylic acid chloride that might...Ch. 16.4 - Rank the compounds in each of the following groups...Ch. 16.4 - Predict the major products of the following...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 10P

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Chapter 16 Solutions