The observation that the N,N,N-trimethylammonium group –N(CH 3 ) 3 , though a meta directing deactivator does not exhibit electron withdrawing resonance effect is to be explained. Concept introduction: In planar molecules the overlapping of p orbitals on adjacent carbon atoms takes place leading to the formation of different resonance forms. Resonance is not possible if the molecule is not co-planar. If the group already present on the benzene ring is electron withdrawing by resonance and/or inductive effect it will deactivate the ring towards electrophiles. The stability of a resonance hybrid depends on the number of stable individual resonance forms that contribute to the hybrid. More the number, the more stable is the hybrid. To explain: The observation that the N,N,N-trimethylammonium group –N(CH 3 ) 3 , though a meta directing deactivator does not exhibit electron withdrawing resonance effect.

Question

1) Suppose 0.1 kg ice at 0°C (273K) is in 0.5kg water at 20°C (293K). What is the change in entropy of the ice as it melts at 0°? To produce the original "water gas" mixture, carbon (in a combustible form known as coke) is reacted with steam: 131.4 kJ + H20(g) + C(s) → CO(g) + H2(g) From this information and the equations in the previous problem, calculate the enthalpy for the combustion or carbon to form carbon dioxide. kindly show me how to solve both parts of the same long problem. Thanks

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16.SE, Problem 31MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The observation that the N,N,N-trimethylammonium group –N(CH₃)₃, though a meta directing deactivator does not exhibit electron withdrawing resonance effect is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

In planar molecules the overlapping of p orbitals on adjacent carbon atoms takes place leading to the formation of different resonance forms. Resonance is not possible if the molecule is not co-planar.

If the group already present on the benzene ring is electron withdrawing by resonance and/or inductive effect it will deactivate the ring towards electrophiles.

The stability of a resonance hybrid depends on the number of stable individual resonance forms that contribute to the hybrid. More the number, the more stable is the hybrid.

To explain:

The observation that the N,N,N-trimethylammonium group –N(CH₃)₃, though a meta directing deactivator does not exhibit electron withdrawing resonance effect.

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