Problem 1RQ: To what reaction does the solubility product constant, Ksp, refer? Table 15-1 lists Ksp values for... Problem 2RQ: Under what circumstances can you compare the relative solubilities of two salts directly by... Problem 3RQ: What is a common ion and how does its presence affect the solubility? Problem 4RQ: List some salts whose solubility increases as the pH becomes more acidic. What is true about the... Problem 5RQ: What is the difference between the ion product, Q, and the solubility product, Ksp? What happens... Problem 6RQ: Mixtures of metal ions in aqueous solution can sometimes be separated by selective precipitation.... Problem 7RQ Problem 8RQ: What is a complex ion? The stepwise formation constants for the complex ion Cu(NH3)42+ are K1 1 ... Problem 9RQ: When 5 M ammonia is added to a solution containing Cu(OH)2(s), the precipitate will eventually... Problem 10RQ: Figure 15-3 outlines the classic scheme for separating a mixture of insoluble chloride salts from... Problem 1ALQ: Which of the following will affect the total amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of... Problem 2ALQ Problem 3ALQ: You are browsing through the Handbook of Hypothetical Chemistry when you come across a solid that is... Problem 4ALQ: A friend tells you: The constant Ksp of a salt is called the solubility product constant and is... Problem 5ALQ: Explain the following phenomenon: You have a test tube with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate as... Problem 6ALQ: What happens to the Ksp value of a solid as the temperature of the solution changes? Consider both... Problem 7ALQ: Which is more likely to dissolve in an acidic solution, silver sulfide or silver chloride? Why? Problem 8ALQ: Two different compounds have about the same molar solubility. Do they also have about the same Ksp... Problem 9ALQ: Sodium chloride is listed in the solubility rules as a soluble compound. Therefore, the Ksp value... Problem 10Q: For which of the following is the Ksp value of the ionic compound the largest? The smallest? Explain... Problem 11Q: Ag2S(s) has a larger molar solubility than CuS even though Ag2S has the smaller Ksp value. Explain... Problem 12Q: Solubility is an equilibrium position, whereas Ksp is an equilibrium constant. Explain the... Problem 13Q Problem 14Q Problem 15Q: The common ion effect for ionic solids (salts) is to significantly decrease the solubility of the... Problem 16Q: Sulfide precipitates are generally grouped as sulfides insoluble in acidic solution and sulfides... Problem 17Q: List some ways one can increase the solubility of a salt in water. Problem 18Q: The solubility of PbCl2 increases with an increase in temperature. Is the dissolution of PbCl2(s) in... Problem 19Q: You have two salts, AgX and AgY, both with very similar Ksp values. You know that the Ka for HX is... Problem 20Q: The stepwise formation constants for a complex ion usually have values much greater than 1. What is... Problem 21Q: Silver chloride dissolves readily in 2 M NH3 but is quite insoluble in 2 M NH4NO3. Explain. Problem 22Q: If a solution contains either Pb2+(aq) or Ag+(aq), how can temperature be manipulated to help... Problem 23E: Write balanced equations for the dissolution reactions and the corresponding solubility product... Problem 24E: Write balanced equations for the dissolution reactions and the corresponding solubility product... Problem 25E Problem 26E: Use the following data to calculate the Ksp value for each solid. a. The solubility of Pb3(PO4) is... Problem 27E: Approximately 0.14 g nickel(II) hydroxide, Ni(OH)2(s), dissolves per liter of water at 20C.... Problem 28E: The solubility of the ionic compound M2X3, having a molar mass of 288 g/mol, is 3.60 107 g/L.... Problem 29E: The concentration of Pb2+ in a solution saturated with PbBr2(s) is 2.14 102 M. Calculate Ksp for... Problem 30E: The concentration of Ag+ in a solution saturated with Ag2C2O4,(s) is 2.2 104 M. Calculate Ksp for... Problem 31E: Calculate the solubility of each of the following compounds in moles per liter. Ignore any acidbase... Problem 32E: Calculate the solubility of each of the following compounds in moles per liter. Ignore any acidbase... Problem 33E: Cream of tartar, a common ingredient in cooking, is the common name for potassium bitartrate... Problem 34E: Barium sulfate is a contrast agent for X-ray scans that are most often associated with the... Problem 35E: Calculate the molar solubility of Cd(OH)2, Ksp = 5.9 1011. Problem 36E: The solubility rules outlined in Chapter 4 say that Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ca(OH)2 are marginally... Problem 37E: Calculate the molar solubility of Al(OH)3, Ksp = 2 1032. Problem 38E: Calculate the molar solubility of Co(OH)3, Ksp = 2.5 1043. Problem 39E: For each of the following pairs of solids, determine which solid has the smallest molar solubility.... Problem 40E: For each of the following pairs of solids, determine which solid has the smallest molar solubility.... Problem 41E: Calculate the solubility (in moles per liter) of Fe(OH)3 (Ksp = 4 1038) in each of the following.... Problem 42E: Calculate the solubility of Co(OH)2(s) (Ksp = 2.5 1016) in a buffered solution with a pH of 11.00. Problem 43E: The Ksp for silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) is 1.2 105. Calculate the solubility of silver sulfate in each... Problem 44E: The Ksp for lead iodide (PbI2) is 1.4 108. Calculate the solubility of lead iodide in each of the... Problem 45E: Calculate the solubility of solid Ca3(PO4)2 (Ksp = 1.3 1032) in a 0.20-M Na3PO4 solution. Problem 46E: Calculate the solubility of solid Pb3(P04)2 (Ksp = 1 1054) in a 0.10-M Pb(NO3)2 solution. Problem 47E Problem 48E: The solubility of Pb(IO3)(s) in a 0.10-M KIO3 solution is 2.6 1011 mol/L. Calculate Ksp for... Problem 49E: Which of the substances in Exercises 27 and 28 show increased solubility as the pH of the solution... Problem 50E: For which salt in each of the following groups will the solubility depend on pH? a. AgF, AgCl, AgBr... Problem 51E: What mass of ZnS (Ksp = 2.5 1022) will dissolve in 300.0 mL of 0.050 M Zn(NO3)2? Ignore the basic... Problem 52E: The concentration of Mg2+ in seawater is 0.052 M. At what pH will 99% of the Mg2+ be precipitated as... Problem 53E: Will a precipitate form when 100.0 mL of 4.0 104 M Mg(NO3)2 is added to 100.0 mL of 2.0 104 M... Problem 54E: A solution contains 1.0 105 M Ag+ and 2.0 106 M CN. Will AgCN(s) precipitate? (Ksp for AgCN(s) is... Problem 55E: A solution is prepared by mixing 100.0 mL of 1.0 102 M Pb(NO3)2 and 100.0 mL of 1.0 103 M NaF.... Problem 56E: If 10.0 mL of 2.0 103 M Cr(NO3)3 is added to 10.0 mL of a pH = 10.0 NaOH solution, will a... Problem 57E: Calculate the final concentrations of K+(aq), C2O42(aq), Ba2+(aq), and Br (aq) in a solution... Problem 58E: A solution is prepared by mixing 75.0 mL of 0.020 M BaCl2 and 125 mL of 0.040 M K2SO4. What are the... Problem 59E: A 50.0-mL sample of 0.00200 M AgNO3 is added to 50.0 mL of 0.0100 M NaIO3. What is the equilibrium... Problem 60E Problem 61E: A solution contains 1.0 105 M Na3PO4. What is the minimum concentration of AgNO3 that would cause... Problem 63E: A solution is 1 104 M in NaF, Na2S, and Na3PO4. What would be the order of precipitation as a... Problem 64E: A solution contains 0.25 M Ni(NO3)2 and 0.25 M Cu(NO3)2. Can the metal ions be separated by slowly... Problem 65E: Write equations for the stepwise formation of each of the following complex ions. a. Ni(CN)42 b.... Problem 66E: Write equations for the stepwise formation of each of the following complex ions. a. CoF63 b.... Problem 67E: In the presence of CN, Fe3+ forms the complex ion Fe(CN)63. The equilibrium concentrations of Fe3+... Problem 68E: In the presence of NH3, Cu2+ forms the complex ion Cu(NH3)42+. If the equilibrium concentrations of... Problem 69E Problem 70E Problem 71E: The overall formation constant for HgI42 is 1.0 1030. That is, 1.01030=[HgI42][Hg2+][I]4 What is... Problem 72E: A solution is prepared by adding 0.10 mole of Ni(NH3)6 Cl2 to 0.50 L of 3.0 M NH3. Calculate... Problem 73E: A solution is formed by mixing 50.0 mL of 10.0 M NaX with 50.0 mL of 2.0 103 M CuNO3. Assume that... Problem 74E: A solution is prepared by mixing 100.0 mL of 1.0 104 M Be(NO3)2 and 100.0 mL of 8.0 M NaF.... Problem 75E: a. Calculate the molar solubility of AgI in pure water. Ksp for AgI is 1.5 1016. b. Calculate the... Problem 76E: Solutions of sodium thiosulfate are used to dissolve unexposed AgBr (Ksp = 5.0 1013) in the... Problem 77E: Kf for the complex ion Ag(NH3)2+ is 1.7 107. Ksp for AgCl is 1.6 1010. Calculate the molar... Problem 78E Problem 79E Problem 80E: The solubility of copper(II) hydroxide in water can be increased by adding either the base NH3 or... Problem 81AE: A solution contains 0.018 mole each of I, Br, and Cl. When the solution is mixed with 200. mL of... Problem 82AE: Magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2, is the active ingredient in die antacid TUMS and has a Ksp value of... Problem 83AE: Tooth enamel is composed of the mineral hydroxyapatite. The Ksp of hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3OH, is... Problem 84AE: The U.S. Public Health Service recommends the fluoridation of water as a means for preventing tooth... Problem 85AE: What mass of Ca(NO3)2 must be added to 1.0 L of a 1.0-M HF solution to begin precipitation of... Problem 86AE: Calculate the mass of manganese hydroxide present in 1300 mL of a saturated manganese hydroxide... Problem 87AE Problem 88AE: The active ingredient of Pepto-Bismol is the compound bismuth subsalicylate, which undergoes the... Problem 89AE: Consider saturated solutions of die following compounds: a. AgOH b. Cd(OH)2 c. Pb(OH)2 Calculate the... Problem 90AE: Silver cyanide (AgCN) is an insoluble sail with Ksp = 2.2 1012. Compare the effects on the... Problem 91AE: Nanotechnology has become an important field, with applications ranging from high-density data... Problem 92AE: The equilibrium constant for the following reaction is 1.0 1023:... Problem 93AE: Calculate the concentration of Pb2+ in each of the following. a. a saturated solution of Pb(OH)2,... Problem 94AE: Will a precipitate of Cd(OH)2 form if 1.0 mL of 1.0 M Cd(NO3)2 is added to 1.0 L of 5.0 M NH3?... Problem 95AE: a. Using the Ksp value for Cu(OH)2 (1.6 1019) and the overall formation constant for Cu(NH3)42+... Problem 96AE: Describe how you could separate the ions in each of the following groups by selective precipitation.... Problem 97AE: Nitrate salts are generally considered to be soluble salts. One of the least soluble nitrate salts... Problem 98AE: In the chapter discussion of precipitate formation, we ran the precipitation reaction to completion... Problem 99CWP: Assuming that the solubility of Ca3(PO4)2(s) is 1.6 107 mol/L at 25c, calculate the Ksp for this... Problem 100CWP: Order the following solids (ad) from least soluble to most soluble. Ignore any potential reactions... Problem 101CWP: The Ksp for PbI2(s) 1.4 108. Calculate the solubility of PbI2(s) in 0.048 M NaI. Problem 102CWP: The solubility of Pb(IO3)2(s) in a 7.2 102-M KIO3 solution is 6.0 109 mol/L. Calculate the Ksp... Problem 103CWP: A 50.0-mL sample of 0.0413 M AgNO3(aq) is added to 50.0 mL of 0.100 M NaIO3(aq). Calculate the [Ag+]... Problem 105CP Problem 106CP Problem 107CP: a. Calculate the molar solubility of AgBr in pure water. Ksp for AgBr is 5.0 1013. b. Calculate the... Problem 108CP: Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of NH3, Cu2+, Cu(NH3)2+, Cu(NH3)22+, Cu(NH3)32+, and... Problem 109CP: Calculate the solubility of AgCN(s) (Ksp = 2.2 1012) in a solution containing 1.0 M H+. (Ka for HCN... Problem 110CP: Calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) is relatively insoluble in water (Ksp = 2 109). However, calcium oxalate... Problem 116CP: The salt MX has a solubility of 3.17 108 mol/L in a solution with pH = 0.000. If K4 for HX is 1.00 ... Problem 117CP: Consider 1.0 L of an aqueous solution that contains 0.10 M sulfuric acid to which 0.30 mole of... Problem 118IP: A solution saturated with a salt of the type M3X2 has an osmotic pressure of 2.64 102 atm at 25C.... Problem 119IP: What mass of Ca(NO3O)2 must be added to 1.0 L of a 1.0-M HF solution to begin precipitation of... Problem 120IP: The Ksp for Q, a slightly soluble ionic compound composed of M22+ and X ions, is 4.5 1029. The... Problem 121MP: Aluminium ions react with the hydroxide ion to form the precipitateAl(OH)3(s), but can also react to... format_list_bulleted
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