Microbiology: An Introduction
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321733603
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 16, Problem 8R
Summary Introduction
To review: The labels of the phagocytosis - margination, diapedesis, adherence and phagolysosome formation.
Introduction:
The immune system of the vertebrates gives protection against the infectious foreign substances or pathogenic organisms. It is a complex biological reaction which involves in the specific and nonspecific defense against the infectious agents. The pathogenic damages to the defense cells indicate the sign of inflammation. After inflammation, the phagocytic cells are initiated to destroy the invading microbes.
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List and describe the 6 stages of phagocytosis.
Explain why attempts at phagocytosis are not always successful; cite factors that increase the likelihood of success.
Put the name each stages of phagocytosis in the picture below:
Chapter 16 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 16 - Identify at least one physical and one chemical...Ch. 16 - Define inflammation, and list its characteristics.Ch. 16 - What are interferons? Discuss their roles in...Ch. 16 - How can the complement system cause endotoxic...Ch. 16 - Patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6RCh. 16 - Give several examples of how microbes evade the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8RCh. 16 - Are the following involved in innate or adaptive...Ch. 16 - These agranulocytes are not phagocytic until they...
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1ACh. 16 - Prob. 2ACh. 16 - Prob. 3ACh. 16 - The list below identifies a virulence factor for a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 16 - If the following are placed in the order of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 16 - A human host can prevent a pathogen from getting...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 16 - In 1884. Elie Metchnikoff observed blood cells...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 16 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 16 - People with Rhinovirus infections of the nose and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2CAECh. 16 - Leukocyte adherence deficiency (LAD) is an...Ch. 16 - The neutrophils of individuals with Chdiak-Higashi...Ch. 16 - Consider the following. a. In laboratory...
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- Describe how microfilaments and microtubules areinvolved in the phagocytosis and destruction of apathogen by a macrophage.arrow_forwardExtravasation has two phases: margination and diapedesis. Describe what happens during these phases in inflammation. In your description include the role of specific adhesion molecules for extravasation.arrow_forwardExplain the process of phagocytosis, including the steps involved, using a series of labelled drawings drawn by you. Give reasons to explain why phagocytosis is an important and effective defence mechanism of destroying pathogens during body’s innate immune responses. Explain phagocytosis as a defence mechanism with references in Harvard stylearrow_forward
- Define inflammation. Mention its types and its morphological patternsarrow_forwardPhagocytes have been described as “bloodhounds” searching for a “scent” as they brows through the tissues of the body. The scent they usually seek is chemotactic factor, a peptide released by bacterial cells. Does it strike you as unusual that bacterial cells would release a substance to attract the “bloodhound” that will eventually lead to the bacterial cell’s demise? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false regarding phagocytosis? It can ingest large particles. It is mediated by clathrin at the plasma membrane. All of the answers are true. It is used by macrophages and neutrophils to ingest bacteria. It is used by amoebae to ingest food.arrow_forward
- Diagram the process of phagocytosis, separately for neutrophils and macrophages. Briefly describe all steps of the process.arrow_forwardMonocytes are powerful phagocytes. Skeletal muscle fibers do mechanical work. Goblet secrete mucus. In each of these 3 cases, decide which cellular organelle (s) must be present in great abundance in order to accomplish the functions described and indicate how these organelles are involved.arrow_forwardCD8 cells attack virally infected cells, usually killing them using what method? 1) Complement activation O2) 2) Apoptosis O 3) Phagocytosis O 4) Senescencearrow_forward
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