
Concept explainers
Calculate the concentrations of

Interpretation:
The concentrations of
Concept introduction:
The first ionization of the diprotic acid takes place as:
The second ionization of the diprotic acid takes place as:
Percent ionization is the percentage of acid that gets dissociated upon addition in water. It depends on the hydronium ion concentration.
Here,
Answer to Problem 83QP
Solution:
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
The concentration of carbonic acid
Refer to table
When carbonic acid is dissolved in water, the dissociation takes place in two steps, as it is a diprotic acid. First, one proton is partially dissociated since carbonic acid is a weak acid. Thus, the concentration of
The reaction of the first proton dissociation of carbonic acid is depicted as:
First, prepare an equilibrium table and represent each of the species in terms of
Now, substitute these concentrations in equation (1) as:
Since the value of
Thus,
Calculate the percent dissociation from equation (3) as:
Since, the percent dissociation is much less than
Thus,
Now, the reaction of the second proton dissociation of carbonic acid is depicted as:
Prepare an equilibrium table and represent each of the species in terms of
Now, substitute these concentrations in equation (2) as:
Since the value of
Thus,
Calculate the percent dissociation from equation (3) as:
Since, the percent dissociation is much less than
Therefore,
The concentrations of the species
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Chapter 16 Solutions
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