(a) Interpretation: The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn. Concept Introduction: Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H 2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

One chirality center in a salmeterol molecule should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality is the presence of an asymmetric carbon center in a molecule and a molecule which contains a chiral center cannot superimpose on its mirror image. To consider as chiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should not superimpose. To consider as achiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should be superimposed with each other.

In the above diagram, where C is the chiral center/ asymmetric carbon center.

A, B, D, E are four different functional groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Enantiomers of salmeterol in three dimensions should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Mirror image of a molecule is a reflected duplicate of the molecule.

Enantiomers − the mirror image of the original molecule of a chiral molecule. These are stereoisomers.

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(c) The following data have been obtained for the hydrolysis of sucrose, C12H22O11, to glucose, C6H12O6, and fructose C6H12O6, in acidic solution: C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 [sucrose]/mol dm³ t/min 0 0.316 14 0.300 39 0.274 60 0.256 80 0.238 110 0.211 (i) Graphically prove the order of the reaction and determine the rate constant of the reaction. (ii) Determine the half-life, t½ for the hydrolysis of sucrose.

(III) adsorbent (b) Adsorption of the hexacyanoferrate (III) ion, [Fe(CN)6] ³, on y-Al2O3 from aqueous solution was examined. The adsorption was modelled using a modified Langmuir isotherm, yielding the following values of Kat pH = 6.5: (ii) T/K 10-10 K 280 2.505 295 1.819 310 1.364 325 1.050 Determine the enthalpy of adsorption, AadsHⓇ. If the reported value of entropy of adsorption, Aads Se = 146 J K-1 mol-1 under the above conditions, determine Aads Gº.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

One chirality center in a salmeterol molecule should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality is the presence of an asymmetric carbon center in a molecule and a molecule which contains a chiral center cannot superimpose on its mirror image. To consider as chiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should not superimpose. To consider as achiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should be superimposed with each other.

In the above diagram, where C is the chiral center/ asymmetric carbon center.

A, B, D, E are four different functional groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Enantiomers of salmeterol in three dimensions should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Mirror image of a molecule is a reflected duplicate of the molecule.

Enantiomers − the mirror image of the original molecule of a chiral molecule. These are stereoisomers.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

One chirality center in a salmeterol molecule should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality is the presence of an asymmetric carbon center in a molecule and a molecule which contains a chiral center cannot superimpose on its mirror image. To consider as chiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should not superimpose. To consider as achiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should be superimposed with each other.

In the above diagram, where C is the chiral center/ asymmetric carbon center.

A, B, D, E are four different functional groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Enantiomers of salmeterol in three dimensions should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Mirror image of a molecule is a reflected duplicate of the molecule.

Enantiomers − the mirror image of the original molecule of a chiral molecule. These are stereoisomers.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

One chirality center in a salmeterol molecule should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality is the presence of an asymmetric carbon center in a molecule and a molecule which contains a chiral center cannot superimpose on its mirror image. To consider as chiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should not superimpose. To consider as achiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should be superimposed with each other.

In the above diagram, where C is the chiral center/ asymmetric carbon center.

A, B, D, E are four different functional groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Enantiomers of salmeterol in three dimensions should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Mirror image of a molecule is a reflected duplicate of the molecule.

Enantiomers − the mirror image of the original molecule of a chiral molecule. These are stereoisomers.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

One chirality center in a salmeterol molecule should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality is the presence of an asymmetric carbon center in a molecule and a molecule which contains a chiral center cannot superimpose on its mirror image. To consider as chiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should not superimpose. To consider as achiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should be superimposed with each other.

In the above diagram, where C is the chiral center/ asymmetric carbon center.

A, B, D, E are four different functional groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Enantiomers of salmeterol in three dimensions should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Mirror image of a molecule is a reflected duplicate of the molecule.

Enantiomers − the mirror image of the original molecule of a chiral molecule. These are stereoisomers.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

One chirality center in a salmeterol molecule should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality is the presence of an asymmetric carbon center in a molecule and a molecule which contains a chiral center cannot superimpose on its mirror image. To consider as chiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should not superimpose. To consider as achiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should be superimposed with each other.

In the above diagram, where C is the chiral center/ asymmetric carbon center.

A, B, D, E are four different functional groups.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

One chirality center in a salmeterol molecule should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Chirality is the presence of an asymmetric carbon center in a molecule and a molecule which contains a chiral center cannot superimpose on its mirror image. To consider as chiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should not superimpose. To consider as achiral, molecule or object and its mirror image should be superimposed with each other.

In the above diagram, where C is the chiral center/ asymmetric carbon center.

A, B, D, E are four different functional groups.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Enantiomers of salmeterol in three dimensions should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Mirror image of a molecule is a reflected duplicate of the molecule.

Enantiomers − the mirror image of the original molecule of a chiral molecule. These are stereoisomers.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Enantiomers of salmeterol in three dimensions should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Mirror image of a molecule is a reflected duplicate of the molecule.

Enantiomers − the mirror image of the original molecule of a chiral molecule. These are stereoisomers.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 16.1P Ch. 16.1 - Draw the structure of the three constitutional...Ch. 16.2 - Give the IUPAC name for each aldehyde. a. (...Ch. 16.2 - Give the structure corresponding to each TUPAC...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.4P Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2PP Ch. 16.2 - Give the structure corresponding to each name. a....Ch. 16.3 - Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling...Ch. 16.3 - Acetone and progesterone are two ketones that...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 16.8P

(a) Interpretation: The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn. Concept Introduction: Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H 2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the structure of salmeterol should be drawn. Chirality is the presence of an asymmetric carbon center in the molecule.

Concept explainers

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

(c)

Interpretation:

Enantiomers of salmeterol in three dimensions should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Mirror image of a molecule is a reflected duplicate of the molecule.

Enantiomers − the mirror image of the original molecule of a chiral molecule. These are stereoisomers.

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Chapter 16 Solutions

(a) Interpretation: The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn. Concept Introduction: Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H 2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the structure of salmeterol should be drawn. Chirality is the presence of an asymmetric carbon center in the molecule.

Concept explainers

(a) Interpretation: The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn. Concept Introduction: Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

(c) Interpretation: Enantiomers of salmeterol in three dimensions should be drawn. Concept Introduction: Mirror image of a molecule is a reflected duplicate of the molecule. Enantiomers − the mirror image of the original molecule of a chiral molecule. These are stereoisomers.

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Chapter 16 Solutions

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of the salmeterol should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones which are considered as carbonyl compounds, undergo reduction reactions in the presence of H2 gas and Pd as catalyst and produce respective alcohols.

(c)

Interpretation:

Enantiomers of salmeterol in three dimensions should be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Mirror image of a molecule is a reflected duplicate of the molecule.

Enantiomers − the mirror image of the original molecule of a chiral molecule. These are stereoisomers.