Chapter 16, Problem 78P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To propose a mechanism for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Chemoselectivity is referred to the preferential selection of a specific functional group in the presence of the other functional groups during a reaction. If a molecule has more than one functional group that can undergo a reaction   The reaction will take place specifically on a reactive functional group.

If a compound contains more than one carbonyl group the order of selectivity of the functional group for the reaction will be the same as the order of reactivity carbonyl group.  The order of reactivity of carbonyl group is:

$\text{aldehyde}>\text{ketone}>\text{ester}>\text{carboxylic acid}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To propose a mechanism for the given reactions.

Concept introduction:

Chemoselectivity is referred to the preferential selection of a specific functional group in the presence of the other functional groups during a reaction. If a molecule has more than one functional group that can undergo a reaction The reaction will take place specifically on a reactive functional group.

If a compound contains more than one carbonyl group the order of selectivity of the functional group for the reaction will be the same as the order of reactivity carbonyl group. The order of reactivity of carbonyl group is:

$\text{aldehyde}>\text{ketone}>\text{ester}>\text{carboxylic acid}$