What is the standard free energy change, ∆ G °, for a reaction? What is the standard free energy of formation, Δ G f ∘ for a substance? How are Δ G f ∘ values used to calculate Δ G rxn ∘ ? How can you use Hess’s law to calculate Δ G rxn ∘ ? How can you use ∆H ° and ∆ S ° values to calculate Δ G rxn ∘ ? Of the functions ∆ H°, ∆ S °, and ∆ G °, which depends most strongly on temperature? When ∆ G ° is calculated at temperatures other than 25°C,what assumptions are generally made concerning ∆ H° and ∆ S °?
What is the standard free energy change, ∆ G °, for a reaction? What is the standard free energy of formation, Δ G f ∘ for a substance? How are Δ G f ∘ values used to calculate Δ G rxn ∘ ? How can you use Hess’s law to calculate Δ G rxn ∘ ? How can you use ∆H ° and ∆ S ° values to calculate Δ G rxn ∘ ? Of the functions ∆ H°, ∆ S °, and ∆ G °, which depends most strongly on temperature? When ∆ G ° is calculated at temperatures other than 25°C,what assumptions are generally made concerning ∆ H° and ∆ S °?
Solution Summary: The author explains that thermodynamics is associated with heat, temperature, and its relation with energy and work. It helps us to predict whether a process will take place or not.
What is the standard free energy change, ∆G°, for a reaction? What is the standard free energy of formation,
Δ
G
f
∘
for a substance? How are
Δ
G
f
∘
values used to calculate
Δ
G
rxn
∘
? How can you use Hess’s law to calculate
Δ
G
rxn
∘
? How can you use ∆H° and ∆S° values to calculate
Δ
G
rxn
∘
? Of the functions ∆H°, ∆S°, and ∆G°, which depends most strongly on temperature? When ∆G° is calculated at temperatures other than 25°C,what assumptions are generally made concerning ∆H° and ∆S°?
Laser. Indicate the relationship between metastable state and stimulated emission.
The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are
equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation.
a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have
the same energy and number of particles.
b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate,
show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann
distribution.
macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3
ε/k (K) Populations
Populations
Populations
300
5
3
4
200
7
9
8
100
15
17
16
0
33
31
32
DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY