Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 6A
In the cell cycle, cyclin proteins are produced in concert with the cycle. This likely involves
a. control of initiation of transcription of cyclin genes, and ubiquitination of cyclin proteins.
b. alternative splicing of cyclin genes to produce different cyclin proteins.
c. RNA editing to produce the different cyclin proteins.
d. transcription/translation coupling.
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You add a chemical to a cell that prevents all of the chromatin from uncoiling so that the chromosomes remain highly coiled, even after the completion of mitosis. If you add a transcription factor that triggers the transcription of mRNA for the protein Pitx in this situation what would happen.
Group of answer choices
A)All transcription of Pitx is stopped by the transcription factor
B)Nothing because the Pitx gene is already being transcribed at the maximum ratea
C)Nothing, because the Pitx gene cannot be transcribed in this highly coild state
D)The amount of transcription of Pitx is greatly increasedt
Which of the following may produce more than one functional protein from an mRNA transcript?a. chromatin condensation b. transcriptional regulation c. epigeneticsd. alternative mRNA processing
Define the following terms: a. promoter b. consensus sequence c. operon d. chromatin-remodeling complex e. general transcription factors
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 16.2 - Explain how proteins can interact with base-pairs...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 16.3 - Explain control of gene expression in the trp...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 16.5 - Describe at least two kinds of epigenetic mark.Ch. 16.5 - Explain the function of chromatin-remodeling...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 16.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 16.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 16.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 16 - Prob. 1DACh. 16 - What advantage might a bacterium gain by linking...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2IQCh. 16 - Prob. 3IQCh. 16 - In prokaryotes, control of gene expression usually...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2UCh. 16 - Prob. 3UCh. 16 - The lac operon is controlled by two main proteins....Ch. 16 - In eukaryotes, binding of RNA polymerase to a...Ch. 16 - In eukaryotes, the regulation of gene expression...Ch. 16 - In the trp operon, the repressor binds to DNA a....Ch. 16 - Prob. 1ACh. 16 - Specific transcription factors in eukaryotes...Ch. 16 - Repression in the trp operon and induction in the...Ch. 16 - Regulation by small RNAs and alternative splicing...Ch. 16 - Eukaryotic mRNAs differ from prokaryotic mRNAs in...Ch. 16 - In the cell cycle, cyclin proteins are produced in...Ch. 16 - A mechanism of control in E. coli not discussed in...Ch. 16 - You have isolated a series of mutants affecting...Ch. 16 - Examples of positive and negative control of...Ch. 16 - What forms of eukaryotic control of gene...Ch. 16 - The number and type of proteins found in a cell...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of chromatin around the promoter of an active eukaryotic gene? O A. It is in the form of heterochromatin and the nucleosomes are tightly wrapped. O B. It is in the form of euchromatin and the nucleosomes are cleared from the region allowing for an open and accessible configuration OC.A repressor protein is bound to the chromatin blocking RNA polymerase. O D.Both B and C.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about methylation and acetylation is correct? A. Genes that have hypermethylated (a lot of methylation) promoters are expressed at high levels. B. Deacetylation of histones can lead to a heterochromatin state. C. All nucleotides (CTAG) can be methylated. D. Histones cannot be methylated.arrow_forward1)A. how do you read a sequence of DNA (template or non-template strand) to convert it an mRNA sequence and to a protein? B.How does chromatin remodeling regulate gene transcription? C. What are the major differences between gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes D. How are non-coding regions involved in gene transcription? E. Explain how eukaryotic genes sometimes produce multiple protein products?arrow_forward
- Identify the eukaryotic level of gene regulation. Choose the correct answer below. a. Pre- transcriptional control b. transcriptional control c. translational control d. post-translational control 1. in the fruit fly, genes from rRNA can be replicated more or less often compared to the rest of the chromatin depending on the needs of the cell. 2. in the human beta-globin, two introns are spliced out in order to produce the mature mRNA. 3. DNA methylation can change the degree of condensation of the chromatin. 4. The mouse REST gene is under the control of a promoter region that contains alternative promoters.arrow_forwardWhat would the direct consequence to a cell be if there was a loss of function of Transcription Factor II D? (Only select processes in which TFIID has a role.) You may answer multiple answers. a. Terminators at the end of the coding regions of genes would not be recognized. b. In the cytoplasm, mRNA would not be protected from enzymes that degrade mRNA. c. Primary RNA transcripts would not be accurately spliced. d. Initiation of transcription would be absent or decreased. mRNAs would be unable to exit the nucleus.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of CpG islands? a. They are methylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. b. They are unmethylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. c. Acetylation of CpG islands leads to repression of transcription. d. CpG islands code for RNA molecules that activate transcription.arrow_forward
- Arrange the statements in their proper order by writing the corresponding letter (e.g. A) for each statement in the space provided below. A. The single-stranded RNA would complement the target RNA. B. Gene expression is inactivated once the mRNA is no longer accessible for translation. C. The risk-induced silencing complex which is composed of RNA and protein subunits is formed. D. Double-stranded, non-coding RNA is cleaved by Dicer. E. The mRNA can be cleaved or remain bound by the RISC. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.arrow_forwardHow is the expression of genes controlled at the chromosomal level? A. DNA can synthesize extra histones as needed B. DNA can either be condensed into heterochromatin or decondensed into euchromatin C. DNA can be unwound into euchromatin to reduce the level of expression D. The expression of DNA can only be controlled at the transcriptional level E. DNA is spontaneously deleted from a chromosome if not neededarrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains how the prokaryotic expression of a metabolic protein can be regulated when the protein is already present at a high concentration? a.Repressor proteins can be activated and bind to regulatory sequences to block transcription. b.Regulatory proteins can be inactivated to increase gene expression. c.Transcription factors can bind to regulatory sequences to increase RNA polymerase binding. d.Histone modification can prevent transcription of the gene.arrow_forward
- 1. Transcription: a)State the role of RNA polymerase in gene transcription.b. Explain why the DNA is not used directly for protein translation (i.e., why is mRNA used instead?).c. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter region is open for RNA polymerase binding.d. Explain what occurs when a gene’s promoter regions is blocked from binding RNA polymerase.e. Explain how two cells, such as liver cells and skin cells, can become specialized in structure and function despite containing the same genome.arrow_forwardE. coli has five genes that code for enzymes that make tryptophan. These genes are regulated by a single promoter and transcribed as one long gene. The presence of tryptophan shut down the production of tryptophan by the cell by binding to the repressor. This changes the repressors shape allowing it to bind to DNA operator, blocking RNA polymerase and cutting off the production of tryptophan. a. Describe what woud happen to the operon if some of the cells had a mutation on the repressor, not allowing it to bind with tryptophan. The repressor is described as an allosteric protein. What does this mean? b. Does the tryptophan model demonstrate an inducible or repressible operon? What is your evidence? *arrow_forwardHow does reverse methylation affect gene expression? Select one: o a. The gene is turned off, but still expresses a protein product. b. The gene becomes transcriptionally silent. c. There is no effect on the gene. d. The gene is hyperactive resulting in a gain of function. e. The gene expresses the wrong protein. Clear my choice How do microRNAs regulate epigenetic mechanisms during development? Select one: o a. MicroRNAs function as gene repressors b. You only find microRNAS in epigenetic and cancer cells c. MicroRNAs function as gene activators d. MicroRNAS regulate methylation on the DNA sequences of embryos e. Researchers find that when microRNAs are present the effects of epigenetic modifications are 50% greater Clear my choicearrow_forward
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