Chapter 16, Problem 58E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Assign the oxidation of every element and also identify the element that is going to be reduced or oxidized with the help of oxidation state.

Concept introduction:

The species that accepts electrons is reduced.

The species that donates electrons is oxidized.

Rule for calculation of oxidation state is as follows:

Oxidation state of atomin free element is $0$.

In monoatomic ion oxidation is given to its charge.

The sum of oxidation of all atoms is $0$ in neutral molecule.

In ionic compound oxidation state is equal to the charge on the compound.

Charge of non-metal oxygen is $-2$.

The oxidation of non-metals is calculated with the help of hierarchical table.

The charge on alkali metal, group 1A metal is $+1$ and on alkaline earth metal group IIA metal is $+2$.