
Concept explainers
a.
To determine:
The number of genes and operons depicted in the figure, the average gene density, and the representativeness of the value to the most bacterial genomes.
Introduction:
The mentioned figure shows the RNA-Seq results from the RNA-Seq experiment. In the analysis part, the computer lines up each of cDNA sequence read with the genome sequence of the bacterium.
b.
To determine:
Whether the given data proves that t2110 is nonfunctional and the process by which scientists were able to assign a direction to the transcription when no transcript of the gene was found.
Introduction:
In the performed experiment, it was found that no transcripts for the gene t2110 were detected.
c.
To determine:
The evidence that suggests the existence of an attenuation or riboswitch mechanism, causing premature transcriptional termination of an operon and the observation of any of the operon that might be controlled by such a mechanism.
Introduction:
The process of attenuation is considered as the method of control in some bacterial operons, and it causes premature termination of transcription.
d.
To determine:
The depiction of the given figure if the antisense mechanism was involved in controlling the gene or operon.
Introduction:
The mentioned figure does not provide any evidence that any of the genes or operons are regulated by an antisense transcript.
e.
To determine:
The possibility of the transcription of the galM gene from the different promoter.
Introduction:
The given figure depicts galM gene to be a part of the operon containing galETK. There is even a possibility that galM is transcribed from a separate promoter.
f.
To determine:
Whether the data shown in the figure reveal the presence of a regulatory mechanism in relation to an sRNA occluding the ribosome binding site.
Introduction:
The ribosome binding site is present in upstream to the start codon. It is a sequence of nucleotides which play an important role in recruiting the ribosome at the initiation of the translation process.

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