EBK MICROBIOLOGY:W/DISEASES BY BODY...-
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134608242
Author: BAUMAN
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 2TMW
Why are exogenous epitopes processed in vesicles instead of in endoplasmic reticulum, as endogenous epitopes are?
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Chapter 16 Solutions
EBK MICROBIOLOGY:W/DISEASES BY BODY...-
Ch. 16 - Why are the activities of B and T cells called...Ch. 16 - Why are exogenous epitopes processed in vesicles...Ch. 16 - Why did scientists give the name perforin to a...Ch. 16 - Plasma cells are vital for protection against...Ch. 16 - Microsporidiosis Darius is sick, which is not...Ch. 16 - Why is passive immunity effective more quickly...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1MCCh. 16 - Prob. 2MCCh. 16 - Rejection of a foreign skin graft is an example of...Ch. 16 - An autoantigen is ________________. a. an antigen...
Ch. 16 - Among the key molecules that control cell-mediated...Ch. 16 - Which of the following lymphocytes predominates in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7MCCh. 16 - Which cells express MHC class I molecules in a...Ch. 16 - In which of the following sites in the body can B...Ch. 16 - Tc cells recognize epitopes only when the latter...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1MTFCh. 16 - Prob. 2MTFCh. 16 - Prob. 3MTFCh. 16 - Prob. 4MTFCh. 16 - Prob. 5MTFCh. 16 - Match each cell in the left column with its...Ch. 16 - Match each type of immunity in the left column...Ch. 16 - Label the parts of the immunoglobulin below.Ch. 16 - The nearby image is a transmission electron...Ch. 16 - When is antigen processing an essential...Ch. 16 - Why does the body have both antibody and...Ch. 16 - Why is it advantageous for the lymphatic system to...Ch. 16 - Contrast innate defenses with adaptive immunity.Ch. 16 - How does requiring the immune system to process...Ch. 16 - Scientists can develop genetically deficient...Ch. 16 - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preferentially...Ch. 16 - What would happen to a person who failed to make...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7CTCh. 16 - Some materials, such as metal bone pins and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 9CTCh. 16 - The cross-sectional area of the afferent lymphatic...Ch. 16 - Two students are studying for an exam on the bodys...Ch. 16 - In general, what sorts of pathogens might be able...Ch. 16 - What sorts of pathogens could successfully attack...Ch. 16 - As part of the treatment for some cancers,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1CM
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- Which of the following is an inhibitor of apoptosis? Question 3 options: a) Caspase b) cytochrome c c) Bcl-2 family d) p53arrow_forwardThe cell marked with the blue dot synthesizes and secretes which of the following: Choose one from the following: (A) serotonin (B) immunoglobulin A (C) interleukin-1 (D) perforins and granzymes (E) interleukin-2arrow_forwardTGF-β1 is a protein that affects cell growth and differentiation. Scientists conducted an experiment where epithelial cells were treated with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the laboratory. At the end of the experiment, the epithelial cells had transformed through several stages from epithelial cells to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and finally to cortical neurons (CNs). The scientists observed the transformation of the cells by analyzing gene expression at certain stages (M1-M7) and determined the relative gene expression level, as shown in the graph. The graph shows the relative gene expression level for cells at different stages of differentiation. Which of the following claims could account for the differences in gene expression at each stage of cell differentiation, and how does this correlate with the distance of the genes on the chromosome? A - Cell differentiation is controlled by RNA translation, but there is no…arrow_forward
- Researchers use a technique call RNA interference to knock down (i.e. not completely gone) the Bcl-2 gene in the amygdala of lab animals. What cellular response would you expect to occur? Question 1 options: A) An increase in apoptosis; many cells in the area would die B) An increase in axon regrowth after injury C) A decrease in cytochrome c levels released from the mitochondria D) A decrease in glial cell infiltration after injuryarrow_forwardWhat are the pathways for cytokinin synthesisarrow_forwardCan a cell have multiple responses to one stimulus? A) Yes, such as a second messenger activating a kinase and a transcription factor B) No, one stimulus = one response. C) Yes, but only if the stimulus activates two different types of receptors, like a GPCR and a protein kinase receptor at the same timearrow_forward
- In what way does the action of the membrane attack complexresemble the action of perforin?arrow_forwardBecause of oxygen and nutrient requirements, cells in a tissue must reside within 100 μm of a blood vessel. Based on this information, explain why many malignant tumors often possess gain-of-function mutations in one of the following genes: βFGF, TGF-α, and VEGF.arrow_forwardTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an important cytokine used by immune cells to initiate and coordinate inflammatory responses. Inflammation is a key response to cell damage or infection, but can, in some diseases, spiral out of control and become more of a problem than the original cause (COVID-19 lung damage is a relevant example...). TNF-α receptors exist on many cell types. Let’s study the interaction between TNF-α (T) and its receptor (R), to form an activated complex C: T + R ↔ C A macrophage is measured to have ~105 TNF-α receptors on its surface. If the macrophage is immersed in a high concentration of TNF-α molecules (i.e. L0 ≅ L), how will the number of activated receptors change over time? Plot this trend for the case L0 =10 nM, kf=106 M-1 min-1, kr=0.1 min-1. There is constant ligand concentration and an initial condition of C0 = 0. We are given the constants needed to model the number of activated receptors over time and can use the following equation:arrow_forward
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