Chapter 16, Problem 2P

Below, BIO indicates a problem with a biological or medical focus. Problems labeled EST ask you to estimate the answer to a quantitative problem rather than derive a specific answer. Asterisks indicate the level of difficulty of the problem. Problems with no * are considered to be the least difficult a single * marks moderately difficult problems. Two & indicate more difficult problems.

* For the following processes, choose the Initial and final states and describe the process using the physical quantities Internal energy, work, and heating. Explain why the process is irreversible. (a) A large foam ball is moving vertically up at speed v and reaches a maximum height h 'somewhat less than $\sqrt{{\mathrm{**\#x03C5;}}^2/2g}$. The ball, Earth, and air are the system. (b) Two cups of water, one cold and the other hot, are mixed in an insulated bowl. The mixture reaches an intermediate temperature. The water in the cups is the system.