The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. Introduction: When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD + accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 26P

(a1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(a2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with ATP.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(a3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with NADH.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with Ca²⁺

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with malonate

Introduction:

Malonate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase which terminates the cycle and the intermediate succinate (−OOC−CH2−CH2−COO−) gets accumulated.

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[s] mM V (M/s) Uninhibited 0.333 1.65 x 107 1.05 x 107 V (M/s) x 10' Inhibitor A V (M/s) x 107 Inhibitor B 0.794 x 107 0.40 1.86 x 107 1.21 x 107 0.893 x 107 0.50 2.13 x 107 1.43 x 107 1.02 x 107 0.666 2.49 x 107 1.74 x 107 1.19 x 107 1.0 2.99 x 107 2.22 x 107 1.43 x 107 2.0 3.72 x 107 3.08 x 107 1.79 x 107

For a Michaelis-Menten reaction, k₁-5 x 10'/M-s, k.-2 x 10%/s, and k₂-4 x 10²/s. a) Calculate the Ks and KM for this reaction. b) Does substrate binding achieve equilibrium or steady state?

Assume that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction follows the scheme shown: E+S SES →E + P k₁ = 1 x 109/M-s k-1=2.5 x 10%/s k₂ = 3.4 x 107/s What is the dissociation constant for the enzyme-substrate, K,? What is the Michaelis constant, Km, for this enzyme? What is the turnover number, Keat, for this enzyme? What is the catalytic efficiency for the enzyme? If the initial Et concentration is 0.25mM, what is Vmax?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 26P

(a1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(a2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with ATP.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(a3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with NADH.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with Ca²⁺

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with malonate

Introduction:

Malonate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase which terminates the cycle and the intermediate succinate (−OOC−CH2−CH2−COO−) gets accumulated.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 26P

(a1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(a2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with ATP.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(a3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with NADH.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with Ca²⁺

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with malonate

Introduction:

Malonate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase which terminates the cycle and the intermediate succinate (−OOC−CH2−CH2−COO−) gets accumulated.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 26P

(a1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(a2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with ATP.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(a3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with NADH.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with Ca²⁺

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with malonate

Introduction:

Malonate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase which terminates the cycle and the intermediate succinate (−OOC−CH2−CH2−COO−) gets accumulated.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 26P

(a1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(a2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with ATP.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(a3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with NADH.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with Ca²⁺

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with malonate

Introduction:

Malonate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase which terminates the cycle and the intermediate succinate (−OOC−CH2−CH2−COO−) gets accumulated.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 26P

(a1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 26P

(a1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

Answer 8

(a2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with ATP.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

Answer 9

(a2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with ATP.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

Answer 10

(a3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with NADH.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

Answer 11

(a3)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with NADH.

Introduction:

When pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, one carbon molecule is lost in the form of carbon dioxide from each molecule of pyruvate. In the breakdown of pyruvate, NAD⁺ accepts the electron and gets converted into NADH, which is used by the cell to produce ATP. In the last step of conversion, an acetyl group is accepted by CoA to produce acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is the molecule which transfers the carbon atoms from pyruvate to the citric acid cycle.

Answer 12

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

Answer 13

(b1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

Answer 14

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with Ca²⁺

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

Answer 15

(b2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with Ca²⁺

Introduction:

PDH complex is the group of three enzymes which facilitate the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA. Oxidation of pyruvate causes decarboxylation of pyruvate which is also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction.

Answer 16

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with malonate

Introduction:

Malonate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase which terminates the cycle and the intermediate succinate (−OOC−CH2−CH2−COO−) gets accumulated.

Answer 17

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with malonate

Introduction:

Malonate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase which terminates the cycle and the intermediate succinate (−OOC−CH2−CH2−COO−) gets accumulated.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 16 - Prob. 1P Ch. 16 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16 - Prob. 3P Ch. 16 - Prob. 4P Ch. 16 - Prob. 5P Ch. 16 - Prob. 6P Ch. 16 - Prob. 7P Ch. 16 - Prob. 8P Ch. 16 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16 - Prob. 10P

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To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with malonate

Introduction:

Malonate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase which terminates the cycle and the intermediate succinate (−OOC−CH2−CH2−COO−) gets accumulated.

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Chapter 16 Solutions

Concept explainers

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To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with malonate Introduction: Malonate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase which terminates the cycle and the intermediate succinate (−OOC−CH2−CH2−COO−) gets accumulated.

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Chapter 16 Solutions

To determine: The rate of reaction when the experimental preparation containing PDH complex is treated with malonate

Introduction:

Malonate inhibits the activity of succinate dehydrogenase which terminates the cycle and the intermediate succinate (−OOC−CH2−CH2−COO−) gets accumulated.