Chapter 1.6, Problem 20ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electronic configuration of silicon atom has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic configuration shows the electrons distribution of atoms or molecule in its molecular or atomic orbitals.  The electrons are distributed in orbitals by following three important rules, Aufbau's Principle, Pauli-exclusion principle, and Hund's Rule.

There are 3 rules to decide the electronic configuration of an atom. They are,

• Pauli Exclusion Principle: No two electrons should not have same four quantum numbers in an atoms that is, no two electrons should have same principal quantum number (n), same orbital angular momentum quantum number (l), the same magnetic quantum number ${\text{(m}}_{\text{l}}\text{)}$ or same spin magnetic quantum numbers ${\text{(m}}_{\text{s}}\text{)}$.
• Aufbau Principle: In an atom, electrons fill according to the increasing energy of the orbital.
• Hund's Rule: The orbital having maximum number of electrons with same spin in separate orbitals is the most stable arrangement in an orbital.