For the given methanol compound the location of the partial charges that results due to inductive effect should be identified. Concept Introduction : The nature of the bond depends on the electronegativity values of the shared electron pair of the involved atoms. Electronegativity is the important chemical property of the elements in the periodic table. It is the tendency of the atoms to attract electrons towards it. If the difference in electronegativity is between 0.5 and 1.7, a bond between two different electronegative atoms becomes polar. Most electronegative atoms get partial negative charge because they attract electrons from least electronegative atom towards it. The least electronegative atoms get partial positive charge because it loses electrons towards most electronegative atoms. The process of the attraction of electrons from electron-donating atoms (less electronegative atoms) towards electron-withdrawing atoms (most electronegative atoms) is called induction. It can be represented by the following arrow: The symbol represents the direction of dipole moment change in a polar covalent bond. Here, chlorine atom has more electronegative than carbon atom. Chlorine attracts electrons towards it. This difference in electron density is called inductive effect. It can be shown by Greek symbol delta ( δ ) as follows: To find: The location of the partial charges in the given methanol compound

Question

The electron affinity of thulium was measured by a technique called laser photodetachment electron spectroscopy. In this technique, a gaseous beam of anions of an element is bombarded with photons from a laser. The photons knock electrons off some of the anions, and the energies of the emitted electrons are detected. The incident radiation had a wavelength of 1064 nm, and the emitted electrons had an energy of 0.137 eV. Although the analysis is more complicated, we can obtain an estimate of the electron affinity from the energy difference between the photons and the emitted electrons. What is the electron affinity of thulium in electron volts and in kilojoules per mole?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1.5, Problem 5LTS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: For the given methanol compound the location of the partial charges that results due to inductive effect should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The nature of the bond depends on the electronegativity values of the shared electron pair of the involved atoms.

Electronegativity is the important chemical property of the elements in the periodic table. It is the tendency of the atoms to attract electrons towards it.

If the difference in electronegativity is between 0.5 and 1.7, a bond between two different electronegative atoms becomes polar. Most electronegative atoms get partial negative charge because they attract electrons from least electronegative atom towards it. The least electronegative atoms get partial positive charge because it loses electrons towards most electronegative atoms.

The process of the attraction of electrons from electron-donating atoms (less electronegative atoms) towards electron-withdrawing atoms (most electronegative atoms) is called induction. It can be represented by the following arrow:

The symbol represents the direction of dipole moment change in a polar covalent bond.

Here, chlorine atom has more electronegative than carbon atom. Chlorine attracts electrons towards it. This difference in electron density is called inductive effect. It can be shown by Greek symbol delta ( δ ) as follows:

To find: The location of the partial charges in the given methanol compound

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