Concept explainers
To determine:
The consequences that might have happened to the color-blind allele in Pingelapese population after the typhoon if Mwanenised had had no children or only five children.
Introduction:
Inbreeding is a phenomenon, in which mating is performed between closely related individuals (such as cousins). Inbreeding causes homozygosity and there are several diseases in humans that are linked with homozygous recessive alleles. Thus, inbreeding increases the chances of such diseases.
Explanation of Solution
When typhoon occurred in Pingelap Island, only twenty people were able to survive that typhoon. So, inbreeding was the only option for them. Mwanenised was one of the male survivors of the typhoon. He was the heterozygote carrier of the color blind allele (achromatopsia disease). He had ten children, 50% of the children were normal and 50% were the carriers. As inbreeding occurred, achromatopsia became common among people.
Mwanenised was responsible for spreading the genes of the disease on island. If he had had no children, the disease would not have spread across the Island. If Mwanenised had only five children, the incidence of disease would be lesser than previous and lesser individuals would have had the disease.
Inbreeding should be avoided as it results in homozygosity of alleles that can cause several diseases in humans.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 16 Solutions
BIO 104L LAB MANUAL
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have shipped your samples off for sequencing and are now waiting for the results. Out of curiosity (and maybe boredom...) you decide to test your culture for the Catalase and Oxidase enzymes. Upon testing your sample for catalase, you don't see any bubbles; however, you do see a color change to purple during the Oxidase test. What results can you conclude from this? O Catalase-/ Oxidase + O Catalase +/ Oxidase + Catalase + / Oxidase- O Catalase / Oxidase - O None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a strength of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? OA. It's cheap OB. It's easy to do C. It can be used to identify all the way down to the strain level OD. Both A & B OE. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhy are molecular approaches important to the field of microbial taxonomy and phylogeny? Phylogenetic inferences based on molecular approaches provide the most robust analysis of microbial evolution currently available. It allows for the collection of a large and accurate dataset from many organisms Almost no fossil record was left by microbes when compared to plants and animals All of the above None of the abovearrow_forward
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have already cultured it and gone through the plate isolation procedure. Before you ship your samples off for sequencing, you want to do one final check of the A260 ratios. You get back the following ratios: A260/280 ratio is 1.89; A260/230 is 2.01. These ratios are close enough to the accepted "pure" values so they could be considered "pure" and mostly (if not completely) free of contaminants from the PCR process. True Falsearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. After receiving your sequence back from the sequencing lab, you feel that you have, in fact, discovered and isolated a new species. You ask a fellow labmate about how you should proceed, and he tells you the following is the proper way to introduce a new species for recognition: Cultures have to be sent to international culture collections. Then a paper must be published describing the new organism and providing a genus and species name. You recall learning about this in your Microbiology course in college. Is this information from your colleague true or false? True Falsearrow_forwardis often a good indication of phylogenetic relatedness in phenotypes. Life-cycle patterns Cleavage patterns O Gene expression O Morphological similarityarrow_forward
- Which of the following is a weakness of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? It can only go down to the family and genus levels It takes months to complete O Both of the above O None of the abovearrow_forwardAn unrooted tree containing ten unrelated species can become rooted by adding a descendant group related to two of the species. an unrelated outgroup. O a distantly related outgroup. O a descendant related to only one of the species.arrow_forwardWhat is the most appropriate purpose of building a phylogenetic tree? They look awesome You can use a tree to compare morphological characteristics of organisms It can be used to establish and analyze evolutionary relationships between species All of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following sequencing techniques can identify down to the strain level? O Multilocus sequence typing Genomic fingerprinting Whole genome sequencing OSNP analysis All of the abovearrow_forwardWhat is the "gold standard" that is currently applied to species designations in microbiology? 97% between species: 50% among whole genome 90% between species: 75% among whole genome 99% between species; 97% among whole genome 97% between species: 70% among whole genome Onone of the abovearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have decided to send your sample off for sequencing. You need to determine which type of sequencing to use for the preliminary identification of your species. You decide that, for now, you only need to be able to identify the family and genus levels. Which type of sequencing do you think is the most appropriate? O Genomic Fingerprinting O Whole Genome Sequencing O 16S rDNA Sequencing O DNA-DNA hybridization Nextarrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education