Chapter 16, Problem 16PE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Effect of increase of $\left[{\text{H}}^{+}\right]$ of solution on $\text{pH}$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pH}$ is defined as the concentration of hydrogen ion. It also explains about the acidity of solution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Effect of increase of $\left[{\text{H}}^{+}\right]$ of solution on $\text{pOH}$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{pOH}$ is defined as the concentration of hydroxide ion. It also explains about the basicity of solution.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Effect of increase of $\left[{\text{H}}^{+}\right]$ in solution on $\left[{\text{OH}}^{-}\right]$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The concentration of ${\text{H}}^{+}$ decides the acidity in solution and concentration of ${\text{OH}}^{-}$ decides the basicity in solution.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Effect of increase of $\left[{\text{H}}^{+}\right]$ in solution on $K_{\text{w}}$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The ionization of water is as follows:

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}^{+}+{\text{OH}}^{-}$

The equilibrium constant for the reaction is called ionic product constant for water $K_{\text{w}}$. The expression for $K_{\text{w}}$ is as follows:

  $K_{\text{w}}=\left[{\text{H}}^{+}\right]\left[{\text{OH}}^{-}\right]$