Chapter 16, Problem 16.45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Determine the structural formula from the given molecular formula:

2⁰ aromatic amine, C₇ H₉ N.

Concept Introduction:

The spatial arrangement of atom within a compound that are joined together is identified with the help of structural formula.

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula C₇ H₉ N is 2⁰ on the aromatic amine compound. Hence it has six-membered ring and an -NH- group in its structure. Thus, the structural formula for the molecular formula C₇ H₉ N is as below:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Determine the structural formula from the given molecular formula:

3⁰ aromatic amines, C₈ H₁₁ N.

Concept Introduction:

The spatial arrangement of atom within a compound that are joined together is identified with the help of structural formula.

Explanation of Solution

Tertiary amines are those compounds in which three hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. They are represented as R₃ -N or

The molecular formula, C₈ H₁₁ N is 3⁰ on the aromatic amine. Hence, it has six-membered ring. The nitrogen atom is attached to three groups in which one is an aryl group and the other two are methyl groups.

Thus, the structural formula for the molecular formula C₈ H₁₁ N is as below:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Determine the structural formula from the given molecular formula:

1⁰ aliphatic amines, C₇ H₉ N.

Concept Introduction:

The spatial arrangement of atom within a compound that are joined together is identified with the help of structural formula.

Explanation of Solution

Primary amines are those compounds in which one of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or an aryl group. They are represented as

The molecular formula C₇ H₉ N is 1⁰ on the aliphatic amine. Hence it has $-{\text{CH}}_2-{\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ group. Thus, the structural formula of C₇ H₉ N is as below:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Determine the structural formula from the given molecular formula:

A chiral 1⁰ amine, C₄ H₁₁ N.

Concept Introduction:

The spatial arrangement of atom within a compound that are joined together is identified with the help of structural formula.

Explanation of Solution

Primary amines are those compounds in which one of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. They are represented as $\text{R}-{\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$

The carbon atom attach to four different group is called a chiral atom. When a molecule possesses such atom, then they are not superimposable on their mirror image.

The molecular formula C₄ H₁₁ N is 1⁰ on the aliphatic amine, and it is a chiral molecule. Hence, the chiral carbon atom is attached to four different groups, which include -NH₂ group, the -CH₃ group, the -CH₂ group and the -H group. The structural formula of C₄ H₁₁ N is as below:

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Determine the structural formula from the given molecular formula:

A 3⁰ heterocyclic amine, C₅ H₁₁ N.

Concept Introduction:

The spatial arrangement of atom within a compound that are joined together is identified with the help of structural formula.

Explanation of Solution

Tertiary amines are those compounds in which three hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. They are represented as R₃ -N or

The carbon atom attach to four different group is called a chiral atom. When a molecule possesses such atom, then they are not superimposable on their mirror image.

The molecular formula C₅ H₁₁ N is 3⁰ on the heterocyclic amine. This structure has a five membered heterocyclic ring. This ring contains four carbons and one nitrogen atom. The nitrogen atom in the ring is bonded to the methyl group. The structural formula of C₄ H₁₁ N is as below:

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Determine the structural formula from the given molecular formula:

A trisubstituted 1⁰ aromatic amine, C₉ H₁₃ N.

Concept Introduction:

The spatial arrangement of atom within a compound that are joined together is identified with the help of structural formula.

Explanation of Solution

Primary amines are those compounds in which one of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. They are represented as $\text{R}-{\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$

The molecular formula C₉ H₁₃ N is tri substituted 1⁰ on the aromatic amine. Hence, it has six membered rings with three methyl groups. The structural formula of C₅ H₁₃ N is as below:

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Determine the structural formula from the given molecular formula:

A chiral quaternary ammonium salt, C₉ H₂₂ NCl.

Concept Introduction:

The spatial arrangement of atom within a compound that are joined together is identified with the help of structural formula.

Explanation of Solution

Quaternary amines are those compounds in which all four of the hydrogen atoms of the ammonium ion are replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. It is an ionic quaternary salt.

When the carbon atom is attached to four different groups, it is called a chiral atom. When a molecule possesses such an atom, then it is not super imposable on its mirror image.

The molecular formula C₉ H₂₂ NCl is a quaternary amine and it is a chiral molecule. Hence, the chiral nitrogen atom is attached to four different groups, which include -CH₂ CH₃ group, the -CH₂ CH₂ CH₃ group, the -CH₃ CHCH₃ group, and the -CH₃ group. Therefore, the quaternary ammonium salt of C₉ H₂₂ NCl is as below: