“The condensed structural formula and IUPAC name of four structural isomers of esters having molecular formula C 4 H 8 O 2 ” should be drawn and explained. Concept introduction: ► Isomers: Compounds which have the same molecular formula but different physical or chemical properties are known as isomers and the phenomenon is known as isomerism. ► Structural isomerism: When the isomerism is due to the difference in arrangement of atoms within the molecule without any reference to space, the phenomenon is termed as structural isomerism. ► Condensed structural formula: The complete structural formula can be abbreviated by omitting some or all of the covalent bonds and by indicating the number of identical groups attached to an atom by a subscript. This is known as condensed structural formula. ► IUPAC: The term IUPAC is International union of pure and applied chemistry. It provides the set of rules for assigning names to organic compounds. ► Rules for determining the IUPAC names • The longest continuous chain of carbon atom is taken as the parent chain on which the various alkyl groups are considered side chain. • Numbering is done from that side where functional group is near. • If more than one functional group is present then preference is given to that functional group which is senior in the seniority table group − C O O H > − C O O R > − S O 3 H > − C O X > − C O N H 2 > − C H O > − C N > − C O > − O H > − N H 2 > − O − > − N O 2 > − X > − R • If a side chain occurs more than once, the numerical prefixes di(for two), tri(for three) etc are added before the names of the group. • When there are two identical side chains at one position, numbers are given for each. To draw and explain: The condensed structural formula, IUPAC name of the isomers of esters having molecular formula C 4 H 8 O 2

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Chapter 16, Problem 16.44UTC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“The condensed structural formula and IUPAC name of four structural isomers of esters having molecular formula $C_{4} H_{8} O_{2}$ ” should be drawn and explained.

Concept introduction:

► Isomers: Compounds which have the same molecular formula but different physical or chemical properties are known as isomers and the phenomenon is known as isomerism.

► Structural isomerism: When the isomerism is due to the difference in arrangement of atoms within the molecule without any reference to space, the phenomenon is termed as structural isomerism.

► Condensed structural formula: The complete structural formula can be abbreviated by omitting some or all of the covalent bonds and by indicating the number of identical groups attached to an atom by a subscript. This is known as condensed structural formula.

► IUPAC: The term IUPAC is International union of pure and applied chemistry. It provides the set of rules for assigning names to organic compounds.

► Rules for determining the IUPAC names

• The longest continuous chain of carbon atom is taken as the parent chain on which the various alkyl groups are considered side chain.

• Numbering is done from that side where functional group is near.

• If more than one functional group is present then preference is given to that functional group which is senior in the seniority table group

$\begin{array}{l} - C O O H > - C O O R > - S O_{3} H > - C O X > - C O N H_{2} > - C H O > - C N > - C O > - O H > - N H_{2} \\ > - O - > - N O_{2} > - X > - R \end{array}$

• If a side chain occurs more than once, the numerical prefixes di(for two), tri(for three) etc are added before the names of the group.

• When there are two identical side chains at one position, numbers are given for each.

To draw and explain: The condensed structural formula, IUPAC name of the isomers of esters having molecular formula $C_{4} H_{8} O_{2}$

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