(a)
Interpretation:
The excited-state and the ground-state population ratios for HCI:
Concept introduction:
The excited-state of an atom, molecule or electron is a state in which the electrons have sufficient energy to jump in to another orbital. The ground-state is the state of zero energy level. In this state the electron does not have sufficient energy to jump from the orbital.
The Boltzmann equation is used to calculate the ratio of the exited-state and ground state. The concept of the energy difference between these states is also used to calculate the required ratio.
(b)
Interpretation:
The excited-state and the ground-state population ratios for HCI:
Concept introduction:
The excited-state of an atom, molecule or electron is a state in which the electrons have sufficient energy to jump in to another orbital. The ground-state is the state of zero energy level. In this state the electron does not have sufficient energy to jump from the orbital.
The Boltzmann equation is used to calculate the ratio of the exited-state and ground state. The concept of the energy difference between these states is also used to calculate the required ratio.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
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- Consider the diatomic molecule AB modeled as a rigid rotor (two masses separated by a fixed distance equal to the bond length of the molecule). The rotational constant of the diatomic AB is 25.5263 cm-1. (a) What is the difference in energy, expressed in wavenumbers, between the energy levels of AB with J = 10 and J = 6? (b) Consider now a diatomic A'B', for which the atomic masses are ma 0.85 mA and mB' 0.85 mB and for its bond length ra'B' = 0.913 rAB. What is the difference in energy, expressed in wavenumbers, between the energy levels of the A'B' molecule with J = 9 and J = 7?arrow_forwardA molecule in a liquid undergoes about 1.0 × 1013 collisions in each second. Suppose that (i) every collision is effective in deactivating the molecule vibrationally and (ii) that one collision in 100 is effective. Calculate the width (in cm−1) of vibrational transitions in the molecule.arrow_forward(c) When a gas is expanded very rapidly, its temperature can fall to a few degrees Kelvin. At these low temperatures, unusual molecules like ArHCl (Argon weakly bonded to HCl) can form on mixing. For the isotopic species Ar H$CI, the following rotational transitions were observed: J (1 → 2): 6714.44 MHz J (2 → 3): 10068.90 MHz Assume the molecule can be treated as a linear diatomic molecule (ArCl). (i) Calculate the rotational constant (B) and centrifugal distortion (D) constant for this molecule.arrow_forward
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