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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
By using Le Chatelier’s principle, the effect of the given changes on the extent of hydrolysis of sodium nitrite solution has to be explained.
Concept Information:
The equilibrium, the reactant are forming products at the same rate at which the products are being converted back to reactant, therefore concentration of species are constant.
Le Châtelier’s principle: When system is in equilibrium and stress is added to the system, the system will shift in order to alleviate itself of the stress in order to return to equilibrium.
A change/stress is then made to system at equilibrium.
- 1. Change in concentration, 2. Change in volume, 3. Change in pressure, 4. Change in temperature and 5. Add Catalyst.
(b)
Interpretation:
By using Le Chatelier’s principle, the effect of the given changes has to be explained.
Concept Information:
Chemical Equilibrium: When the forward rate of reaction equals the reverse rate and the concentration of all the species in the system are constant.
The equilibrium, the reactant are forming products at the same rate at which the products are being converted back to reactant, therefore concentration of species are constant.
Le Châtelier’s principle: When system is in equilibrium and stress is added to the system, the system will shift in order to alleviate itself of the stress in order to return to equilibrium.
A change/stress is then made to system at equilibrium.
- 1. Change in concentration, 2. Change in volume, 3. Change in pressure, 4. Change in temperature and 5. Add Catalyst.
(c)
Interpretation:
By using Le Chatelier’s principle, the effect of the given changes has to be explained.
Concept Information:
Chemical Equilibrium:
When the forward rate of reaction equals the reverse rate and the concentration of all the species in the system are constant.
The equilibrium, the reactant are forming products at the same rate at which the products are being converted back to reactant, therefore concentration of species are constant.
Le Châtelier’s principle:
When system is in equilibrium and stress is added to the system, the system will shift in order to alleviate itself of the stress in order to return to equilibrium.
A change/stress is then made to system at equilibrium.
- 1. Change in concentration, 2. Change in volume, 3. Change in pressure, 4. Change in temperature and 5. Add Catalyst.
(d)
Interpretation:
By using Le Chatelier’s principle, the effect of the given changes has to be explained.
Concept Information:
Chemical Equilibrium:
When the forward rate of reaction equals the reverse rate and the concentration of all the species in the system are constant.
The equilibrium, the reactant are forming products at the same rate at which the products are being converted back to reactant, therefore concentration of species are constant.
Le Châtelier’s principle:
When system is in equilibrium and stress is added to the system, the system will shift in order to alleviate itself of the stress in order to return to equilibrium.
A change/stress is then made to system at equilibrium.
- 1. Change in concentration, 2. Change in volume, 3. Change in pressure, 4. Change in temperature and 5. Add Catalyst.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
EBK GENERAL CHEMISTRY: THE ESSENTIAL CO
- The percentage of an additive in gasoline was measured six times with the following results: 0.13, 0.12, 0.16, 0.17, 0.20, and 0.11%. Find the 95% confidence interval for the percentage of additive.arrow_forwardExplain why this data led Rayleigh to look for and to discover Ar.arrow_forward5) Confidence interval. Berglund and Wichardt investigated the quantitative determination of Cr in high-alloy steels using a potentiometric titration of Cr(VI). Before the titration, samples of the steel were dissolved in acid and the chromium oxidized to Cr(VI) using peroxydisulfate. Shown here are the results (as %w/w Cr) for the analysis of a reference steel. 16.968, 16.922, 16.840, 16.883, 16.887, 16.977, 16.857, 16.728 Calculate the mean, the standard deviation, and the 95% confidence interval about the mean. What does this confidence interval mean?arrow_forward
- In the Nitrous Acid Test for Amines, what is the observable result for primary amines? Group of answer choices nitrogen gas bubbles form a soluble nitrite salt yellow oily layer of nitrosoaminearrow_forward3. a. Use the MS to propose at least two possible molecular formulas. For an unknown compound: 101. 27.0 29.0 41.0 50.0 52.0 55.0 57.0 100 57.5 58.0 58.5 62.0 63.0 64.0 65.0 74.0 40 75.0 76.0 20 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 m/z 99.5 68564810898409581251883040 115.0 116.0 77404799 17417M 117.0 12.9 118.0 33.5 119.0 36 133 0 1.2 157.0 2.1 159.0 16 169.0 219 170.0 17 171.0 21.6 172.0 17 181.0 1.3 183.0 197.0 100.0 198.0 200. 784 Relative Intensity 2 2 8 ō (ppm) 6 2arrow_forwardSolve the structure and assign each of the following spectra (IR and C-NMR)arrow_forward
- 1. For an unknown compound with a molecular formula of C8H100: a. What is the DU? (show your work) b. Solve the structure and assign each of the following spectra. 8 6 2 ō (ppm) 4 2 0 200 150 100 50 ō (ppm) LOD D 4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500 HAVENUMBERI -11arrow_forward16. The proton NMR spectral information shown in this problem is for a compound with formula CioH,N. Expansions are shown for the region from 8.7 to 7.0 ppm. The normal carbon-13 spec- tral results, including DEPT-135 and DEPT-90 results, are tabulated: 7 J Normal Carbon DEPT-135 DEPT-90 19 ppm Positive No peak 122 Positive Positive cus и 124 Positive Positive 126 Positive Positive 128 No peak No peak 4° 129 Positive Positive 130 Positive Positive (144 No peak No peak 148 No peak No peak 150 Positive Positive してしarrow_forward3. Propose a synthesis for the following transformation. Do not draw an arrow-pushing mechanism below, but make sure to draw the product of each proposed step (3 points). + En CN CNarrow_forward
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