If the given half reaction shows oxidation or reduction should be determined. Concept Introduction : In a chemical reaction , oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s. When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction. In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15.3, Problem 36PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the given half reaction shows oxidation or reduction should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance that oxidized or reduced should be identified.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrode at which the given half reaction takes place should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

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Part II. Given two isomers: 2-methylpentane (A) and 2,2-dimethyl butane (B) answer the following: (a) match structures of isomers given their mass spectra below (spectra A and spectra B) (b) Draw the fragments given the following prominent peaks from each spectrum: Spectra A m/2 =43 and 1/2-57 spectra B m/2 = 43 (c) why is 1/2=57 peak in spectrum A more intense compared to the same peak in spectrum B. Relative abundance Relative abundance 100 A 50 29 29 0 10 -0 -0 100 B 50 720 30 41 43 57 71 4-0 40 50 60 70 m/z 43 57 8-0 m/z = 86 M 90 100 71 m/z = 86 M -O 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -88 m/z 90 100

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For each reaction shown below follow the curved arrows to complete each equationby showing the structure of the products. Identify the acid, the base, the conjugated acid andconjugated base. Consutl the pKa table and choose the direciton theequilibrium goes. However show the curved arrows. Please explain if possible.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15.3, Problem 36PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the given half reaction shows oxidation or reduction should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance that oxidized or reduced should be identified.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrode at which the given half reaction takes place should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15.3, Problem 36PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the given half reaction shows oxidation or reduction should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance that oxidized or reduced should be identified.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrode at which the given half reaction takes place should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15.3, Problem 36PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the given half reaction shows oxidation or reduction should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance that oxidized or reduced should be identified.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrode at which the given half reaction takes place should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15.3, Problem 36PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the given half reaction shows oxidation or reduction should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance that oxidized or reduced should be identified.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrode at which the given half reaction takes place should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

Answer 6

Chapter 15.3, Problem 36PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the given half reaction shows oxidation or reduction should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

Answer 7

Chapter 15.3, Problem 36PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

If the given half reaction shows oxidation or reduction should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance that oxidized or reduced should be identified.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance that oxidized or reduced should be identified.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrode at which the given half reaction takes place should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electrode at which the given half reaction takes place should be determined.

Concept Introduction :

In a chemical reaction, oxidation is defined as loss of electron/s and reduction is defined as gain of electron/s.

When a species loss electron/s, its oxidation state increases thus, increase in oxidation state is oxidation similarly, when a species gains electron/s, its oxidation state decreases thus, decrease in oxidation state is reduction.

In a cell, the oxidation takes place at anode electrode and reduction takes place at cathode electrode.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 15.1 - Identify each of the following as an oxidation or...Ch. 15.1 - Identify each of the following as an oxidation or...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 3PP Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 4PP Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 5PP Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 6PP Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 7PP Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 8PP Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 9PP Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 10PP

Solution Summary: The author explains that oxidation is defined as loss of electrons and reduction as gain. The half reaction in a lead storage battery is as follows.

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