
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The loss of electrons needs to be classified as oxidation or reduction.
Concept Introduction :
In a redox
(a)

Answer to Problem 43UTC
Oxidation reaction.
Explanation of Solution
When electrons are lost in a
Here, species A get oxidized to
(b)
Interpretation:
The reaction of an oxidizing agent needs to be classified as oxidation or reduction.
Concept Introduction :
In a redox reaction both oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously. Oxidation takes place by loss of electrons and reduction takes place by gain of electrons. The oxidation state of a species increases on oxidation and decreases on reduction. When in reaction 1, one of the reactants get oxidized and 1 gets reduced, this is known as a redox reaction. The species that oxidizes others and itself gets reduced is known as an oxidizing agent.
(b)

Answer to Problem 43UTC
Reduction reaction.
Explanation of Solution
An oxidizing agent is the chemical species which itself gain electron/s and oxidizes other species. Therefore, the reaction of an oxidizing agent is a reduction reaction.
For example:
Here,
(c)
Interpretation:
The given reaction needs to be classified as oxidation or reduction:
Concept Introduction :
In a redox reaction both oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously. Oxidation takes place by loss of electrons and reduction takes place by gain of electrons. The oxidation state of a species increases on oxidation and decreases on reduction. In a reaction, oneof the reactants get oxidized and one gets reduced, this is known as a redox reaction. The species that oxidizes others and itself gets reduced is known as an oxidizing agent.
(c)

Answer to Problem 43UTC
Reduction reaction.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is as follows:
The oxidation state of molecular oxygen is zero. It gets reduced to -2 in
Therefore, the above reaction is a reduction reaction.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given reaction needs to be classified as oxidation or reduction:
Concept Introduction :
In a redox reaction both oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously. Oxidation takes place by loss of electrons and reduction takes place by gain of electrons. The oxidation state of a species increases on oxidation and decreases on reduction. In a reaction, one of the reactants get oxidized and 1 gets reduced, this is known as a redox reaction. The species that oxidizes others and itself gets reduced is known as an oxidizing agent.
(d)

Answer to Problem 43UTC
Reduction reaction.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is as follows:
Here, in the molecular bromine or Br2, the oxidation state of bromine is 0.
Now, in Br-, since, it gets reduced to -1, the bromine undergoes reduction. This takes place by gaining 2 electrons as there are 2 Br atoms in 1 Br2 molecule.
Therefore, the given reaction is reduction.
(e)
Interpretation:
The given reaction needs to be classified as oxidation or reduction:
Concept Introduction :
In a redox reaction both oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously. Oxidation takes place by loss of electrons and reduction takes place by gain of electrons. The oxidation state of a species increases on oxidation and decreases on reduction. In a reaction, one of the reactants get oxidized and one gets reduced, this is known as a redox reaction. The species that oxidizes others and itself gets reduced is known as an oxidizing agent.
(e)

Answer to Problem 43UTC
Oxidation reaction.
Explanation of Solution
In the given reaction is as follows:
The oxidation state of ‘Sn’ changes from +2 to +4. This means that Sn2+ loses2 electrons to form Sn4+. The oxidation state of an ion increases due to loss of electron/s thus, the given reaction is an oxidation reaction.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Basic Chemistry
- Please help, this is all the calculations i got!!! I will rate!!!Approx mass of KMnO in vial: 3.464 4 Moss of beaker 3×~0. z Nax200: = 29.9219 Massof weacerv after remosimgain N2C2O4. Need to fill in all the missing blanks. ง ง Approx mass of KMnO4 in vials 3.464 Mass of beaker + 3x ~0-304: 29.9219 2~0.20 Miss of beaker + 2x- 29.7239 Mass of beaker + 1x~0.2g Naz (204 29-5249 Mass of beaver after removing as qa Na₂ C₂O T1 T2 T3 Final Buiet reading Initial butet reading (int)) Hass of NaOr used for Titration -reading (mL) calculation Results: 8.5ml 17mL 27.4mL Oml Om Oml T1 T2 T3 Moles of No CO Moles of KMO used LOF KM. O used Molenty of KMNO Averagem Of KMOWLarrow_forwardDraw the skeletal ("line") structure of 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanal. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forwardDetermine whether the following molecule is a hemiacetal, acetal, or neither and select the appropriate box below. Also, highlight the hemiacetal or acetal carbon if there is one. hemiacetal acetal Oneither OHarrow_forward
- What is the missing reactant R in this organic reaction? ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ +R H3O+ • Draw the structure of R in the drawing area below. N • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if it's necessary to draw one particular enantiomer. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardWrite the systematic name of each organic molecule: H structure H OH OH H OH name ☐ OHarrow_forwardDetermine whether each of the following molecules is a hemiacetal, acetal, or neither and select the appropriate box in the table. CH3O OH OH OH hemiacetal acetal neither hemiacetal acetal neither Xarrow_forward
- What is the missing reactant R in this organic reaction? N N དལ་ད་་ + R • Draw the structure of R in the drawing area below. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if it's necessary to draw one particular enantiomer. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ㄖˋarrow_forwardDraw the condensed structure of 4-hydroxy-3-methylbutanal. Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure.arrow_forwardUsing the bond energy values, calculate the energy that must be supplied or is released upon the polymerization of 755 monomers. If energy must be supplied, provide a positive number; if energy is released, provide a negative number. Hint: Avogadro’s number is 6.02 × 1023.arrow_forward
- -AG|F=2E|V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: Acidic solution -0.93 +0.38 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 H3PO3 H3PO2 → P→ PH3 -0.28 -0.50 → -0.50 Basic solution 3-1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO →→H2PO2 P PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P2O6 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH, 0.0 -0.5- 2 3 9 3 -1.5 -2.0 Pa H,PO H,PO H,PO -3 -1 0 2 4 Oxidation state, N 2 b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) c) Elemental phosphorus tends to disproportionate under basic conditions. Use data in…arrow_forwardThese two reactions appear to start with the same starting materials but result in different products. How do the chemicals know which product to form? Are both products formed, or is there some information missing that will direct them a particular way?arrow_forwardWhat would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1. PPh3 3 1 2 2. n-BuLi • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Priva ×arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





