Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260150544
Author: Bill W. Tillery
Publisher: McGraw Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 5PEB
An elementary school class is building a scale model of the solar system in the gymnasium that can accommodate a model diameter of 30 m. What is the necessary conversion ratio for model dimensions in meters to kilometers of actual distance?
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Suppose you were given a 3 in diameter ball to represent the Earth and a 1 in diameter ball to represent the Moon. (The actual ratio of Earth diameter to Moon diameter is 3.7 to 1.)
The actual average Earth–Moon distance is about 384,000 kilometers, and Earth’s diameter is about 12,800 kilometers. How many “Earth diameters” is the distance from Earth to the Moon?
Based on your answer to Question 2, what is the correct scaled distance of the Moon, using the 3-inch ball as Earth?
The Sun’s actual diameter is about 1,400,000 kilometers. How many “Earth diameters” is this? Given your 3-inch Earth, how large (i.e what diameter) of a ball would you need to represent the Sun? Give your answer in feet.
The average Earth–Sun distance is about 149,600,000 km. To represent this distance to scale, how far away would you have to place your 3-inch Earth from your Sun? Give your answer in feet.
Could we use this scale to visualize the solar system instead of just the Earth and Moon? Why or Why…
It is important to have an idea about the distances between and relative sizes of celestial objects in the
solar system. In Part 1 we will pretend to shrink the solar system until its center piece, the Sun, is 67.3 cm
in diameter. This will represent the Sun which is 1,390,000 km in diameter. The scale of our model is thus:
67.3 cm
= 4.84 x 10-5 cm
km
Scale
1, 390, 000 km
To find the size or distance between objects in centimeters for the model, simply multiply the actual size
or distance in kilometers by the scale factor above.
1. Fill in following table:
Quantity
Actual Distance (km) Model Distance (cm)
Diameter of Sun
1,390,000
Diameter of Earth
12,760
Diameter of Moon
3,480
Distance Between Earth and Sun
1.5 x 108
Distance Between Earth and Moon
384,000
Distance to Proxima Centauri
3.97 x 1013
how many seconds are in a mars year that has approx 678 earth days ?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book
Ch. 15 -
1. The mass of the Sun is how much larger than...Ch. 15 -
2. The distance from Earth to the Sun is called a...Ch. 15 -
3. What type of planets are Mercury, Venus,...Ch. 15 -
4. Which of the following is most likely found on...Ch. 15 -
5. What is the outermost...Ch. 15 -
6. The planet that was named after the mythical...Ch. 15 -
7. A day on which planet is longer than a year on...Ch. 15 -
8. The day on which planet is about the same time...Ch. 15 -
9. Mars has distinct surface feature-related...Ch. 15 -
10. How many moons orbit...
Ch. 15 -
11. What is the largest planet in our solar...Ch. 15 -
12. Callisto, Europa, Ganymede, and Io...Ch. 15 -
13. The density of Jupiter is
a. 50 percent...Ch. 15 -
14. The only moon in the solar system with a...Ch. 15 -
15. Saturn’s rings are thought to be
a. composed...Ch. 15 -
16. The planet with the lowest average density,...Ch. 15 -
17. The planet that is not a giant...Ch. 15 - Prob. 18ACCh. 15 -
19. Area of the solar system where long-period...Ch. 15 -
20. Short-period comets have orbital periods...Ch. 15 -
21. Remnants of comets and asteroids found in...Ch. 15 -
22. Meteorites are classified into all of the...Ch. 15 -
23. The most widely accepted theory on the origin...Ch. 15 -
24. The belt of asteroids between Mars and...Ch. 15 -
25. Which of the following planets would be...Ch. 15 -
26. Which of the following planets probably still...Ch. 15 -
27. Venus appears the brightest when it is in...Ch. 15 -
28. The small body with a composition and...Ch. 15 -
29. A small body from space that falls on the...Ch. 15 -
30. Planets in our solar system are classified...Ch. 15 -
31. What separates the terrestrial planets from...Ch. 15 -
32. The planet that has the shortest “year” among...Ch. 15 -
33. What planet is called the morning star and...Ch. 15 -
34. Venus “shines” because it is
a. composed of...Ch. 15 -
35. On Venus, the sun rises in the west. This is...Ch. 15 -
36. The “sister” planet to Earth...Ch. 15 -
37. What feature on Mars was considered by some...Ch. 15 -
38. Jupiter radiates twice as much energy as it...Ch. 15 -
39. The Great Red Spot is thought to be
a. a...Ch. 15 -
40. The metallic hydrogen that surrounds the core...Ch. 15 -
41. A shooting star is a...Ch. 15 -
1. Describe the protoplanet nebular model of the...Ch. 15 -
2. What are the basic differences between the...Ch. 15 -
3. Describe the surface and atmospheric...Ch. 15 -
4. What evidence exists that Mars at one time had...Ch. 15 -
5. Describe the internal structure of Jupiter and...Ch. 15 -
6. What are the rings of Saturn?
Ch. 15 -
7. Describe some of the unusual features found on...Ch. 15 -
8. What are the similarities and the differences...Ch. 15 -
9. Give one idea about why the Great Red Spot...Ch. 15 -
10. What is so unusual about the motions and...Ch. 15 -
11. What evidence exists today that the number of...Ch. 15 -
12. Using the properties of the planets other...Ch. 15 -
13. What are “shooting stars”? Where do they come...Ch. 15 -
14. What is an asteroid? What evidence indicates...Ch. 15 -
15. Where do comets come from? Why are...Ch. 15 -
16. What is a meteor? What is the most likely...Ch. 15 -
17. What is a meteorite? What is the most likely...Ch. 15 -
18. Technically speaking, what is wrong with...Ch. 15 -
19. What are the primary differences between the...Ch. 15 -
1. What are the significant similarities and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2FFACh. 15 -
3. Evaluate the statement that Venus is Earth's...Ch. 15 -
4. Describe the possibility and probability of...Ch. 15 -
5. Provide arguments that Pluto should be...Ch. 15 -
6. Explain why is it difficult to count the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1IICh. 15 - Prob. 1PEACh. 15 - Prob. 2PEACh. 15 - Prob. 3PEACh. 15 - Prob. 4PEACh. 15 - Prob. 5PEACh. 15 - Prob. 6PEACh. 15 - Prob. 7PEACh. 15 - Prob. 8PEACh. 15 - Prob. 9PEACh. 15 - Prob. 10PEACh. 15 - Prob. 11PEACh. 15 - Prob. 12PEACh. 15 - Prob. 13PEACh. 15 - Prob. 14PEACh. 15 - Prob. 15PEACh. 15 -
1. Based on the density and diameter in km...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 15 -
3. A scale model of the solar system is being...Ch. 15 -
4. How many times has Uranus rotated on its axis...Ch. 15 -
5. An elementary school class is building a scale...Ch. 15 -
6. A class is building scale models of the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7PEBCh. 15 -
8. A 1 cm thick piece of lead with a surface area...Ch. 15 -
9. Assume an astronaut at a space station on Mars...Ch. 15 -
10. What is the mass of the Sun, in kilograms,...Ch. 15 -
11. What is the mass of the Sun, in kilograms,...Ch. 15 -
12. Based on Kepler’s third law, what is the...Ch. 15 -
13. Based on Kepler’s third law, what is the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 14PEBCh. 15 -
15. Assuming a circular orbit, what is the...
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- Raising a number in scientific notation to a power is easy: (5 x 105)² = (5)² x (105)² = 5 x 5 x 105 x 105 = 25 x 10(5 × 2) = 25 x 1010 = 2.5 x 101¹1 Keeping this in mind, what is the volume of the sun in km³? The radius of the sun is about 7 x 105 km, and the volume of a sphere is 4/3 x Pi x R³. (Use 3.14 for Pi, and enter your answer with two decimal places). km³ 3 What is the average density of the Sun? Density = mass / volume. The mass of the sun is 2.0x10³0 kg. kg/km³arrow_forwardThe diameter of Earth across the equator is 7928 miles. If a mile equals 1.609 km. what is Earths diameter in kilometers? In centimeters?arrow_forwardHow Do We Know? How can a scientific model be useful if it is not a true description of nature?arrow_forward
- The Earth is about 12,000 km in diameter. It is therefore how many orders of magnitude wider than you are tall? (i.e., the Earth’s diameter is how many times larger than your height (give an order-of-magnitude estimate)?) (I am 5'2")arrow_forwardEAn astronaut arrives on the planet Oceania and climbs to the top of a cliff overlooking the sea. The astronaut's eye is 100 m above the sea level and he observes that the horizon in all directions appears to be at angle of 5 mrad below the local horizontal. What is the radius of the planet Oceania at sea level? How far away is the horizon from the astronaut? 6000 km and 50 km 3600 km and 20 km 2000 km and 40 km 8000 km and 40 kmarrow_forwardThe nearest star to our sun is Proxima Centauri, at a distance of 4.3 light-years from the Sun. A light-year is the distance that light travels in one year (365 days). How far away, in kilometers, is Proxima Centauri from the Sun?Express your answer using two significant figures.arrow_forward
- When you step from the shade into the sunlight, the Sun’s heat is as evident as the heat from hot coals in a fireplace in an otherwise cold room. You feel the Sun’s heat not because of its high temperature (higher temperatures can be found in some welder’s torches), but because the Sun is big. Which do you estimate is larger, the Sun’s radius or the distance between the Moon and Earth? Check your answer in the list of physical data on the inside back cover. Do you find your answer surprising?arrow_forwardAs we discuss in class, the radius of the Earth is approximately 6370 km. Theradius of the Sun, on the other hand, is approximately 700,000 km. The Sun is located,on average, one astronomical unit (1 au) from the Earth. Imagine that you stand near Mansueto Library, at the corner of 57th and Ellis.Mansueto’s dome is 35 feet (10.7 meters) high. Let’s imagine we put a model of theSun inside the dome, such that it just fits — that is, the model Sun’s diameter is 35 feet The nearest star to the Solar System outside of the Sun is Proxima Centauri,which is approximately 4.2 light years away. Given the scale model outlined above,how far would a model Proxima Centauri be placed from you? Give your answer inmiles and kmarrow_forwardThe earth revolves around the sun in exactly 365 1/4 days which is equivalent to 1 year. To make up for the loss of 1/4 day, the calendar was adjusted so that we have a leap year for every 4 years. If the earth were to speed in its motion slightly so that a year would be completed in exactly 365 days and 6 hours, how often would we need to have a leap year?arrow_forward
- The distance between Jupiter and the sun is usually measured in astronomical units.one astronomical unit is defined as:...arrow_forwardd. Diameter of the Sun I h A d. Standing on the beach at sunset, you extend the tip of your finger at your full arm length from your face, covering the Sun. Upon moving your finger around, you find that only about half of its width is needed to completely cover the Sun's diameter. You measure your finger width to be 0.5 inches. You know your arm length to be 28.0 inches. You have be told that the Sun is approximately 93 million miles away. Use this information to determine the approximate diameter of the Sun, filling in the table below with the proper quantities measure in meters. 1 = ½ finger g = eye level height d = object h = Diameter f= object height from level to top of eye level X = Arm A = angle width length distance from eye of the Sun objectarrow_forwardWrite the following measurements in scientific notation. All answers should be written up to hundredths place. Follow the rules in rounding off numbers. Quantity Measurement Scientific notation 1. diameter of the sun 1391400 km 2. Speed of light 2997792458 m/s 3. distance of the earth from the sun 149597870700 m 4. size of bacteria 0.0005 m 5. diameter of proton 0.000 000 000 001 mmarrow_forward
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