Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260150544
Author: Bill W. Tillery
Publisher: McGraw Hill Education
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Chapter 15, Problem 8PEA
To determine
The mass of ice block placed on Mars for the period of
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Question 2: Planet Mars
Planetary Attribute
Albedo
Radius
Gravitational acceleration
Mean distance from sun
Surface pressure
Symbol
a
R (km)
g (m/s²)
D (km)
Po (kPa)
Earth
0.29
6378
9.8
150 x 106
101
Mars
0.25
3395
3.7
228 x 106
0.6
(a) Calculate an appropriate value for shortwave solar radiation (SM) incident at the top of the
Martian atmosphere (answer in W/m²). The corresponding value for Earth, SE = 1360 W/m².
(b) Estimate the average surface temperature on Mars (answer in degrees Kelvin) using a
suitable radiative energy balance. The greenhouse effect can be neglected for Mars.
(c) Estimate the mass of the Martian atmosphere (answer in kg).
Which of the following condition will be true for a planet to have atmosphere?
[A] velocity of molecules in its atmosphere is lesser than escape velocity
[B] velocity of molecules in its atmosphere is greater than escape velocity
[C] velocity of molecules in its atmosphere is twice the escape velocity
[D] velocity of molecules in its atmosphere is equal to the escape velocity
Evidence exists that Mars may have had oceans 0.500 km deep in its early
history. We don't know what the atmospheric pressure on Mars was back then,
but some studies suggest it may have been as high as 50,000 Pa. What would
have been the highest pressure at the bottom of these oceans? Density of water
is 1000 kg/m³, gmars = 3.71 m/s².
Chapter 15 Solutions
Physical Science (12th Edition), Standalone Book
Ch. 15 -
1. The mass of the Sun is how much larger than...Ch. 15 -
2. The distance from Earth to the Sun is called a...Ch. 15 -
3. What type of planets are Mercury, Venus,...Ch. 15 -
4. Which of the following is most likely found on...Ch. 15 -
5. What is the outermost...Ch. 15 -
6. The planet that was named after the mythical...Ch. 15 -
7. A day on which planet is longer than a year on...Ch. 15 -
8. The day on which planet is about the same time...Ch. 15 -
9. Mars has distinct surface feature-related...Ch. 15 -
10. How many moons orbit...
Ch. 15 -
11. What is the largest planet in our solar...Ch. 15 -
12. Callisto, Europa, Ganymede, and Io...Ch. 15 -
13. The density of Jupiter is
a. 50 percent...Ch. 15 -
14. The only moon in the solar system with a...Ch. 15 -
15. Saturn’s rings are thought to be
a. composed...Ch. 15 -
16. The planet with the lowest average density,...Ch. 15 -
17. The planet that is not a giant...Ch. 15 - Prob. 18ACCh. 15 -
19. Area of the solar system where long-period...Ch. 15 -
20. Short-period comets have orbital periods...Ch. 15 -
21. Remnants of comets and asteroids found in...Ch. 15 -
22. Meteorites are classified into all of the...Ch. 15 -
23. The most widely accepted theory on the origin...Ch. 15 -
24. The belt of asteroids between Mars and...Ch. 15 -
25. Which of the following planets would be...Ch. 15 -
26. Which of the following planets probably still...Ch. 15 -
27. Venus appears the brightest when it is in...Ch. 15 -
28. The small body with a composition and...Ch. 15 -
29. A small body from space that falls on the...Ch. 15 -
30. Planets in our solar system are classified...Ch. 15 -
31. What separates the terrestrial planets from...Ch. 15 -
32. The planet that has the shortest “year” among...Ch. 15 -
33. What planet is called the morning star and...Ch. 15 -
34. Venus “shines” because it is
a. composed of...Ch. 15 -
35. On Venus, the sun rises in the west. This is...Ch. 15 -
36. The “sister” planet to Earth...Ch. 15 -
37. What feature on Mars was considered by some...Ch. 15 -
38. Jupiter radiates twice as much energy as it...Ch. 15 -
39. The Great Red Spot is thought to be
a. a...Ch. 15 -
40. The metallic hydrogen that surrounds the core...Ch. 15 -
41. A shooting star is a...Ch. 15 -
1. Describe the protoplanet nebular model of the...Ch. 15 -
2. What are the basic differences between the...Ch. 15 -
3. Describe the surface and atmospheric...Ch. 15 -
4. What evidence exists that Mars at one time had...Ch. 15 -
5. Describe the internal structure of Jupiter and...Ch. 15 -
6. What are the rings of Saturn?
Ch. 15 -
7. Describe some of the unusual features found on...Ch. 15 -
8. What are the similarities and the differences...Ch. 15 -
9. Give one idea about why the Great Red Spot...Ch. 15 -
10. What is so unusual about the motions and...Ch. 15 -
11. What evidence exists today that the number of...Ch. 15 -
12. Using the properties of the planets other...Ch. 15 -
13. What are “shooting stars”? Where do they come...Ch. 15 -
14. What is an asteroid? What evidence indicates...Ch. 15 -
15. Where do comets come from? Why are...Ch. 15 -
16. What is a meteor? What is the most likely...Ch. 15 -
17. What is a meteorite? What is the most likely...Ch. 15 -
18. Technically speaking, what is wrong with...Ch. 15 -
19. What are the primary differences between the...Ch. 15 -
1. What are the significant similarities and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2FFACh. 15 -
3. Evaluate the statement that Venus is Earth's...Ch. 15 -
4. Describe the possibility and probability of...Ch. 15 -
5. Provide arguments that Pluto should be...Ch. 15 -
6. Explain why is it difficult to count the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1IICh. 15 - Prob. 1PEACh. 15 - Prob. 2PEACh. 15 - Prob. 3PEACh. 15 - Prob. 4PEACh. 15 - Prob. 5PEACh. 15 - Prob. 6PEACh. 15 - Prob. 7PEACh. 15 - Prob. 8PEACh. 15 - Prob. 9PEACh. 15 - Prob. 10PEACh. 15 - Prob. 11PEACh. 15 - Prob. 12PEACh. 15 - Prob. 13PEACh. 15 - Prob. 14PEACh. 15 - Prob. 15PEACh. 15 -
1. Based on the density and diameter in km...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 15 -
3. A scale model of the solar system is being...Ch. 15 -
4. How many times has Uranus rotated on its axis...Ch. 15 -
5. An elementary school class is building a scale...Ch. 15 -
6. A class is building scale models of the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7PEBCh. 15 -
8. A 1 cm thick piece of lead with a surface area...Ch. 15 -
9. Assume an astronaut at a space station on Mars...Ch. 15 -
10. What is the mass of the Sun, in kilograms,...Ch. 15 -
11. What is the mass of the Sun, in kilograms,...Ch. 15 -
12. Based on Kepler’s third law, what is the...Ch. 15 -
13. Based on Kepler’s third law, what is the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 14PEBCh. 15 -
15. Assuming a circular orbit, what is the...
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- Calculate the energy flux density, Fm , at the average distance of Mars from the Sun, rm , (energy flux divided by surface area of sphere). Mars' distance from the Sun = rm = 2.279 x 1013 cmFm = L /(4prm2) = ________________ ergs/s Next Calcuate the Amount of Solar Energy absorbed by Mars is the surface area of Mars which is facing the Sun (1/2 of Mars' surface area = 4pdm2 / 2 = 2pdm2 ) . Where dm = 3.398 x 106 cm is the radius of Mars. So Mars receives :arrow_forwardThe fraction of the energy flux received which is reflected into space is the albedo of Venus, av, which is about 0.76. The fraction of the energy flux which is absorbed is then (1-av) = 1. - 0.76 = 0.24. So the amount of energy actually absorbed by Venus in each second is Lv = (1-av)Ev. Lv = (1-av)Ev = ___________________ ergs/s And next calculate the effective temperature of Venus: Tv4 = (Lv/(4pdv2))/s = Lv/(4spdv2) = __________________ K4 and taking the square root of Tv4 twice in succession we get the effective Temperature Tv: Tv = [Lv/(4spdv2)]0.25 = _________________ K Calculate Venus' emittance assuming that the Venus' actual temperature, Tvr, is 472o C = 745 K: ev = Lv/(4pdv2s Tvr4) = __________________ .arrow_forwardAssume that Venus has an isothermal atmosphere with a surface temperature of 750 K. The surface pressure of Venus is 90 times the Earth's surface pressure which is about 1013mb. Also assume that the carbon dioxide dominant atmosphere of Venus is photodissociated and oxygen atoms are produced. These oxygen atoms stop the solar wind at the ionopause distance where the atmospheric pressure of Venus and the dynamic pressure of the solar wind are in balance. Accordingly, calculate the lonopause distance of the planet Venus if the solar wind density is 7 #/cm² and solar wind speed is 410 km/sec.arrow_forward
- What is the escape velocity in km/s from Venus' exosphere, which begins about 168 km above the surface? Assume the gravitational constant is G = 6.67 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2, and that Venus has a mass of 4.9e+24 kg and a radius of 5800.0 km.arrow_forwardVenus' exosphere has a temperature of about 404 K. What is the thermal speed of hydrogen (in km/s) in Venus' exosphere? The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 x 10-27 kg and Boltzmann's constant is k = 1.38 × 10-23 Joule/Kelvin.arrow_forwardPlease workout the problem on a piece of paper. Equation: PV=nRTarrow_forward
- (b) Show that the equilibrium temperature of Venus is right for liquid water, given that it lies = 3.85 × 1026 W) and assuming a at a distance of d = 1.09 × 108 km from the Sun (Lo mean albedo of 0.45. Explain why, in reality, Venus is too hot for liquid water.arrow_forwardB2arrow_forwardThe mass of venus is 4.883x10^15 Tg and density of Venus is 5.256 g/cm^3. What is the radius of Venus? Express the answer in the SI unit that will give the smallest number that is greater than 1. Tera (or T) means 10^12arrow_forward
- The average distance from Earth to Mars is 1.5 AU. If you send a command using radio waves (a form of light!) to a rover on the Mars surface, how long will you have to wait before you receive the response? Assume the rover responds immediately after it receives the commandarrow_forwardOn the night side of Venus, we find that the brightest wavelength, that is the wavelength this region of the planet is emitting the most energy, is about 3.9 micrometres (3.9x10-6 meters). Approximately how warm is the planet in this region?arrow_forwardWhich of the following properties of Mars would be altered by the process of terraforming? its size its atmospheric chemistry its distance from the Sun its geological activity its magnetic field Even if we were to terraform Mars to give it an Earthlike climate, that climate would not be as stable as Earth's, due to Mars's lack of a large moon volcanic activity an iron core atmospheric nitrogenarrow_forward
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