BIOLOGY 2E
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781506699851
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 3VCQ
Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis? Tetracycline would directly affect:
- tRNA binding to the ribosome
- ribosome assembly
- growth of the protein chain Chloramphenicol would directly affect
- tRNA binding to the ribosome
- ribosome assembly
- growth of the protein chain
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Match the following antibiotics with the drug strategy that would provide resistance to
them.
rifampin which blocks transcription
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tetracycline which misaligns the
beta-lactamase
anticodon to its codon
mutation of the TRNA binding site of the ribosome
penicillin which blocks peptidoglycan
creation of alternate metabolic pathway that ultimately leads to the same product
synthesis
mutation of RNA polymerase
polymyxin which causes leakage in the
porin which removes drug from periplasmic space
cell membrane
sulfonamide which inhibits enzyme of
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folic acid synthesis pathway
Question 14
2 pts
%
&
5
7
Antibiotic X binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of 70S ribosomes and blocks normal ribosomal function. Which of the following is true of this drug?
It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic ribosomes.
It would interfere with peptidoglycan syntheis/repair in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotes as they lack peptidoglycan.
It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria and in eukaryotes.
It would interfere with protein synthesis in bacteria and eukaryotes.
It would interfere with mRNA transcription in bacteria, but not affect eukaryotic transcription.
It would interfere with peptidoglycan syntheis/repair in bacteria, as well as in eukaryotes that possess cell walls.
Fill in the blanks of the sentence(s) below.
The addition of amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain occurs by a new
TRNA with amino acid moving into the
site of the ribosome.
a ribozyme breaks the growing polypeptide off the TRNA in the
the ribosome and adds it to the amino acid on the tRNA in the
site of
site. The
whole ribosome then moves
Process continues until a stop codon is
reached.
Select one:
a. P site, peptidyl transferase, A site, P site, one codon down
(translocation)
b. A site, peptidyl transferase, P site, A site, one codon down
(translocation)
C. A site, peptidyl transferase, P site, E site, three codon down
(translocation)
d. A site, amino acyl TRNA synthetase, P site, A site, one codon down
(translocation)
Chapter 15 Solutions
BIOLOGY 2E
Ch. 15 - Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.13 Errors in splicing are implicated in...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial...Ch. 15 - The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify...Ch. 15 - How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? 12 24...Ch. 15 - Which event contradicts the central dogma of...Ch. 15 - Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers...Ch. 15 - The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters...Ch. 15 - Three different bacteria species have the...Ch. 15 - Which feature of promoters can be found in both...
Ch. 15 - What transcripts will be most affected by low...Ch. 15 - How do enhancers and promoters differ? Enhancers...Ch. 15 - Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for...Ch. 15 - What processing step enhances the stability of...Ch. 15 - A scientist identifies a pre-mRNA with the...Ch. 15 - The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in...Ch. 15 - In any given species, there are at least how many...Ch. 15 - A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the...Ch. 15 - Imagine if there were 200 commonly occurring amino...Ch. 15 - Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes...Ch. 15 - A scientist sequencing itiRNA identifies the...Ch. 15 - If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template...Ch. 15 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 15 - A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3’...Ch. 15 - A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA...Ch. 15 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients often harbor...Ch. 15 - Transcribe and translate the following DNA...Ch. 15 - Explain how single nucleotide changes can have...Ch. 15 - A normal mRNA that reads 5’ -...
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- Use the numbers below to indicate the correct order of events (from left to right) during the process of translation initiation in bacteria. large ribosomal subunit binds to the complex. IF3 is released. The small ribosomal subunit associated with IF1, IF2, and IF3 binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence on the mRNA. tRNA charged with f-methionine binds to the AUG codon at the P site. IF1 and IF2 are released, leaving the A site available for the second charged-tRNA to bind the codon at the A site. 3 1 5 4 2 2 1 4 5 3 1 3 5 2 4 3 4 2 1 5 4 2 1 3 5arrow_forwardPlace the following steps of the bacterial protein synthesis in their correct order? Peptide bond formation at the peptidyl-transferase center. Binding of MRNA and initiator formyl-methionyl-IRNAMet to the 30S ribosomal subunit, Aminoacylation and formylation of the initiator tRNAMet Joining of the 30S and the 50S ribosomal subunits, Release Factor (RF) dependent hydrolysis of the peptidyl RNA and release of the fully synthesized polypeptide from the ribosome. Elongation Factor G (EF G) dependent translocation of the ribosome by one codon along the MRNA Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) dependent delivery of an aminoacyl-IRNA to the ribosomal A sitearrow_forwardResearchers are studying the mechanism of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. They know that it prevents the formation of peptide bonds during translation. A model of the translation process is shown in the diagram. Which of the following describes where in the model chloramphenicol acts to interfere with the production of proteins from DNA? during initiation during elongation during termination during protein releasearrow_forward
- In your own wordsarrow_forwardThe two-dimensional structures of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are shown in the diagrams. TRNA MRNA FRNA Which of the following might be one contributing factor to the function of rRNA based on comparisons between the structures of the three molecules? rRNA molecules are sufficiently flexible because they contain more RNA loops. rRNA molecules are more reactive because they have longer chains of unmatched bases. rRNA molecules are sufficiently stable because the sequence of bases allows for more internal hydrogen bonds. FRNA molecules are more rigid because they have a more regular sequence of bases than other RNA molecules.arrow_forwardA mutation in DNA generates a aUGA stop codon in the middle of the mRNA coding for a particular protein. A second mutation in the cell’s DNA leads to a single nucleotide change in a tRNA that allows the correct translation of the protein; that is, the second mutation “suppresses” the defect caused by the first. the altered trNA translates the UGA as tryptophan. What nucleotide change has probably occurred in the mutant tRNA molecule? What consequences would the presence of such a mutant tRNA have for the translation of the normal genes in this cell?arrow_forward
- You are treating a patient suffering with wound botulism in which Clostridium botulinum grows in a wound and makes a protein exotoxin, botulinum toxin. In addition to surgery to clean the wound and providing botulinum antitoxin, you wish to give the patient antibiotics to stop the protein toxin synthesis immediately. Which of the following antibiotics would you NOT give your patient if you wished to immediately stop bacterial translation? (best answer) O macrolides, e.g. erythromycin O trimethoprim plus sulfa drugs e.g. sulfamethoxazole O chloroamphenicol tetracylines aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicinarrow_forwardThe piece of RNA below includes the region that codes for the binding site for the initiator tRNA needed in translation. 5′-GUUUCCCGUAUACAUGCGUGCCGGGGGC-3′ Which amino acid will be on the tRNA that is the first to bind to the A site of the ribosome? A) methionine B) arginineC) cysteine D) valinearrow_forwardResearchers are studying the mechanism of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. They know that it prevents the formation of peptide bonds during translation. A model of the translation process is shown in the diagram. Which of the following describes where in the model chloramphenicol acts to interfere with the production of proteins from DNA? A - during initiationB - during elongationC = during terminationD = during protein releasearrow_forward
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