Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Plus MasteringA&P with eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321918758
Author: Elaine N. Marieb
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 3MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Urine is the term given to the by-product of the
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Which of the following is/are true concerning kidney structure?
a.
The 'hilum' is the concave part of the kidney through which everything entering or leaving the kidney goes
b.
The kidney is surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule
c.
Urine collects in the renal sinus
d.
The renal medulla contains the renal corpuscles
e.
Each kidney contains about a million nephrons
Ingestion of carbonated soft drinks, coffee, and tea instead of water has caused us to be chronically dehydrated. Discuss the impact of this dehydration on overall health and how concentrated urine, indicated by its yellow color, signals the need for more water consumption, while clear and colorless urine indicates that water intake is sufficient.
Describe the impact of Vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic hormone, or ADH) on urine concentration. Be able to clearly explain the hormone’s mechanism of action.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Plus MasteringA&P with eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 15 - More than one choice may apply. Microscopic...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2MCCh. 15 - Prob. 3MCCh. 15 - Effects of aldosterone include a. increase in...Ch. 15 - 5. Which of the following is dependent on tubular...Ch. 15 - Prob. 6MCCh. 15 - The smallest fluid compartment is the a....Ch. 15 - Prob. 8MCCh. 15 - Prob. 9SAECh. 15 - Prob. 10SAE
Ch. 15 - Prob. 11SAECh. 15 - Identify the main blood vessels that drain blood...Ch. 15 - Prob. 13SAECh. 15 - Prob. 14SAECh. 15 - Prob. 15SAECh. 15 - Prob. 16SAECh. 15 - Prob. 17SAECh. 15 - What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus and what is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 19SAECh. 15 - Prob. 20SAECh. 15 - Prob. 21SAECh. 15 - Prob. 22SAECh. 15 - Prob. 23SAECh. 15 - Prob. 24SAECh. 15 - 25. What sometimes happens when urine becomes too...Ch. 15 - Define incontinence.Ch. 15 - Why is cystitis more common in females?Ch. 15 - 29. What type of problem most commonly affects the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 29SAECh. 15 - Prob. 30CAQCh. 15 - Prob. 31CAQCh. 15 - A young woman has come to the clinic with dysuria...Ch. 15 - 34. What happens to the rate of RBC production in...Ch. 15 - Two physiology students are having a disagreement...Ch. 15 - Mr. Jessup, a 55-year-old man, is operated on for...
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardThe result of renal autoregulation is(are): A. Minimize loss of water in urine after an increase of cardiac output B. Minimize decrease of ECF after an increase of cardiac output C. Minimize effect of increased systemic pressure on urine output OD. Minimize loss of sodium in urine after an increase of cardiac output OE. All of the abovearrow_forwardVesicoureteral reflux occurs in children because: O a. as the bladder in infants and children fill, it pulls the smooth lining of the transitional epithelium away from the ureters so that the reflux valves are ineffective. b. the submucosal segment of the ureter is short, making the antireflux mechanism inefficient. O c. they do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner and urine is forced up into the ureters. d. the trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is underdeveloped.arrow_forward
- References Mailings Review View Help A Aa v A AaBbCcl AaBbCc AaBbCcl 三。 Body Text Heading 7 1 No Spac. x² A - Paragraph Styles Answer the following: 1. Macroscopic Analysis (looking at urine with the unaided eye) a. Why is urine yellow in color? 2. Specific gravity a. What does specific gravity measure? b. List four conditions that would increase specific gravity. C. List four conditions that would decrease specific gravity. d. What is the range of normal values for a 24-hour sample of urine? e. What is the range of normal values for a random sample of urine? 3. Rapid screening tests a. Which rapid screening tests listed in this website were done with the dipstick in our lab? b. Miscellaneous questions What is the large range of pH that urine can have What are some causes of an alkaline pH in urine? Where in the nephrons is urine acidified? 4. Microscopic Analysis: all the following information will be in Power Point slides). a. What things are found in normal urine, that is urine…arrow_forwardIf antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration increases, a. urine volume increases. b. urine concentration decreases. c. urine volume decreases and urine concentration increases. d. urine volume increases and urine concentration decreases.arrow_forwardThe amount of sodium in Bowman's capsule can be doubled by: A. Doubling of glomerular hydrostatic pressure B. Doubling of Glomerular oncotic pressure C. Doubling of Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure D. Doubling of GFR OE. Doubling of urine outputarrow_forward
- Which of the following is TRUE concerning renal handling of potassium? a. A high potassium meal will cause enhanced basolateral uptake via sodium-potassium pumps b. Most potassium reabsorption occurs at the distal tubules c. Aldosterone enhances potassium reabsorption at the proximal tubule d. Potassium is not filtered, so urinary excretion of potassium will only occur by stimulating potassium secretion e. Decreased extracellular potassium concentration increases aldosterone production and thereby reduces potassium secretionarrow_forwardWhich if the following is true? A. Urine is acidic B. Urine is slightly aromatic C. Urine sample with specific gravity of 1.015 is normal D. All of the above E. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhen a substance is reabsorbed in the kidney that substance is: A. Removed from the blood and put into the renal tubule B. Removed from the renal tubule and put into the blood C. Removed from the body via urine. D. Both B & Carrow_forward
- A histological specimen of kidney shows a structure which consist of a glomerulus with fenestrated capillaries and bilayer epithelial capsule. Specify this structure: a. Collecting tubules b. Distal tubule c. Renal corpuscle d. Henle's loop e. Proximal tubulearrow_forwardAnswer the following questions based on research: a. What is the normal specific gravity of urine? b. What is the significance of specific gravity in urine? Indicate the normal range of total solids in urine. c. What substances are responsible for the normal color of urine? d. What happens when urine is allowed to stand for some time, exposed to air? e. What is the normal reaction of urine when freshly voided (acidic, basic, neutral)? To what substancesis this reaction due to? f. What happens when urine is allowed to stand without a preservative? Why? g. What constituent of urine tends to precipitate in acidic urine? h. What substance precipitates when urine is alkaline?arrow_forwardExplain the mechanism of formation of urine. There are three steps. Explainarrow_forward
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