Whether the mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is harmful, beneficial or neutral. Introduction: Mutation in an organism is a permanent alteration of “ nucleotide sequences” in the genome. The mutations are caused due to many reasons such as error in replication or by insertion, deletion, duplication and so on.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether the mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is harmful, beneficial or neutral.

Introduction:

Mutation in an organism is a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences” in the genome. The mutations are caused due to many reasons such as error in replication or by insertion, deletion, duplication and so on.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Although mutations that leads to alteration in the sequence of the protein can be harmful, but occasionally such effects may be beneficial in a particular environment. Without mutations, there is no possibility of evolution as mutation generates favorable variants that allow an organism to adapt to its environment.

Antibacterial agents, also known as antibiotics are a form of antimicrobial drug that is used for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. This may result in inhibition of bacterial growth or destruction of bacteria. The resistances in the bacteria do not develop out of need instead before even the introduction of antibiotic some of the bacteria in low number were already carrying such mutation (regarding resistance).

These mutations allowed the bacteria to grow in antibiotic culture which clearly indicates that such mutations are beneficial for them because it allows them to grow and reproduce, but they can be harmful or neutral when there is no antibiotic.

Conclusion

The mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is beneficial only in the presence of antibiotics.

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The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

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You have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon: a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media. Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon. Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator You also have these genetic components in other strains: b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery for transformation). c) the gene cl (a repressor). d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active). e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein). Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether the mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is harmful, beneficial or neutral.

Introduction:

Mutation in an organism is a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences” in the genome. The mutations are caused due to many reasons such as error in replication or by insertion, deletion, duplication and so on.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Although mutations that leads to alteration in the sequence of the protein can be harmful, but occasionally such effects may be beneficial in a particular environment. Without mutations, there is no possibility of evolution as mutation generates favorable variants that allow an organism to adapt to its environment.

Antibacterial agents, also known as antibiotics are a form of antimicrobial drug that is used for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. This may result in inhibition of bacterial growth or destruction of bacteria. The resistances in the bacteria do not develop out of need instead before even the introduction of antibiotic some of the bacteria in low number were already carrying such mutation (regarding resistance).

These mutations allowed the bacteria to grow in antibiotic culture which clearly indicates that such mutations are beneficial for them because it allows them to grow and reproduce, but they can be harmful or neutral when there is no antibiotic.

Conclusion

The mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is beneficial only in the presence of antibiotics.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether the mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is harmful, beneficial or neutral.

Introduction:

Mutation in an organism is a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences” in the genome. The mutations are caused due to many reasons such as error in replication or by insertion, deletion, duplication and so on.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Although mutations that leads to alteration in the sequence of the protein can be harmful, but occasionally such effects may be beneficial in a particular environment. Without mutations, there is no possibility of evolution as mutation generates favorable variants that allow an organism to adapt to its environment.

Antibacterial agents, also known as antibiotics are a form of antimicrobial drug that is used for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. This may result in inhibition of bacterial growth or destruction of bacteria. The resistances in the bacteria do not develop out of need instead before even the introduction of antibiotic some of the bacteria in low number were already carrying such mutation (regarding resistance).

These mutations allowed the bacteria to grow in antibiotic culture which clearly indicates that such mutations are beneficial for them because it allows them to grow and reproduce, but they can be harmful or neutral when there is no antibiotic.

Conclusion

The mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is beneficial only in the presence of antibiotics.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether the mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is harmful, beneficial or neutral.

Introduction:

Mutation in an organism is a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences” in the genome. The mutations are caused due to many reasons such as error in replication or by insertion, deletion, duplication and so on.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Although mutations that leads to alteration in the sequence of the protein can be harmful, but occasionally such effects may be beneficial in a particular environment. Without mutations, there is no possibility of evolution as mutation generates favorable variants that allow an organism to adapt to its environment.

Antibacterial agents, also known as antibiotics are a form of antimicrobial drug that is used for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. This may result in inhibition of bacterial growth or destruction of bacteria. The resistances in the bacteria do not develop out of need instead before even the introduction of antibiotic some of the bacteria in low number were already carrying such mutation (regarding resistance).

These mutations allowed the bacteria to grow in antibiotic culture which clearly indicates that such mutations are beneficial for them because it allows them to grow and reproduce, but they can be harmful or neutral when there is no antibiotic.

Conclusion

The mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is beneficial only in the presence of antibiotics.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether the mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is harmful, beneficial or neutral.

Introduction:

Mutation in an organism is a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences” in the genome. The mutations are caused due to many reasons such as error in replication or by insertion, deletion, duplication and so on.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Although mutations that leads to alteration in the sequence of the protein can be harmful, but occasionally such effects may be beneficial in a particular environment. Without mutations, there is no possibility of evolution as mutation generates favorable variants that allow an organism to adapt to its environment.

Antibacterial agents, also known as antibiotics are a form of antimicrobial drug that is used for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. This may result in inhibition of bacterial growth or destruction of bacteria. The resistances in the bacteria do not develop out of need instead before even the introduction of antibiotic some of the bacteria in low number were already carrying such mutation (regarding resistance).

These mutations allowed the bacteria to grow in antibiotic culture which clearly indicates that such mutations are beneficial for them because it allows them to grow and reproduce, but they can be harmful or neutral when there is no antibiotic.

Conclusion

The mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is beneficial only in the presence of antibiotics.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether the mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is harmful, beneficial or neutral.

Introduction:

Mutation in an organism is a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences” in the genome. The mutations are caused due to many reasons such as error in replication or by insertion, deletion, duplication and so on.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Although mutations that leads to alteration in the sequence of the protein can be harmful, but occasionally such effects may be beneficial in a particular environment. Without mutations, there is no possibility of evolution as mutation generates favorable variants that allow an organism to adapt to its environment.

Antibacterial agents, also known as antibiotics are a form of antimicrobial drug that is used for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. This may result in inhibition of bacterial growth or destruction of bacteria. The resistances in the bacteria do not develop out of need instead before even the introduction of antibiotic some of the bacteria in low number were already carrying such mutation (regarding resistance).

These mutations allowed the bacteria to grow in antibiotic culture which clearly indicates that such mutations are beneficial for them because it allows them to grow and reproduce, but they can be harmful or neutral when there is no antibiotic.

Conclusion

The mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is beneficial only in the presence of antibiotics.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To determine:

Whether the mutation that arises in a bacterium that confers antibiotic resistance is harmful, beneficial or neutral.

Introduction:

Mutation in an organism is a permanent alteration of “nucleotide sequences” in the genome. The mutations are caused due to many reasons such as error in replication or by insertion, deletion, duplication and so on.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Although mutations that leads to alteration in the sequence of the protein can be harmful, but occasionally such effects may be beneficial in a particular environment. Without mutations, there is no possibility of evolution as mutation generates favorable variants that allow an organism to adapt to its environment.

Antibacterial agents, also known as antibiotics are a form of antimicrobial drug that is used for prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. This may result in inhibition of bacterial growth or destruction of bacteria. The resistances in the bacteria do not develop out of need instead before even the introduction of antibiotic some of the bacteria in low number were already carrying such mutation (regarding resistance).

These mutations allowed the bacteria to grow in antibiotic culture which clearly indicates that such mutations are beneficial for them because it allows them to grow and reproduce, but they can be harmful or neutral when there is no antibiotic.