The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined. Concept introduction: Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit. The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement. To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed. 1. The quantity must has a decimal point. 2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures. 3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures. 4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30 × 10 3 or 4.300 × 10 3 . The number of significant figures in 4.30 × 10 3 and 4.300 × 10 3 is 3 and 4 respectively. 5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1.5, Problem 1.9BFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

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Identify and provide an explanation of the operational principles behind a Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). List the steps involved.

Instructions: Complete the questions in the space provided. Show all your work 1. You are trying to determine the rate law expression for a reaction that you are completing at 25°C. You measure the initial reaction rate and the starting concentrations of the reactions for 4 trials. BrO³¯ (aq) + 5Br¯ (aq) + 6H* (aq) → 3Br₂ (l) + 3H2O (l) Initial rate Trial [BrO3] [H*] [Br] (mol/L) (mol/L) | (mol/L) (mol/L.s) 1 0.10 0.10 0.10 8.0 2 0.20 0.10 0.10 16 3 0.10 0.20 0.10 16 4 0.10 0.10 0.20 32 a. Based on the above data what is the rate law expression? b. Solve for the value of k (make sure to include proper units) 2. The proposed reaction mechanism is as follows: i. ii. BrО¸¯ (aq) + H+ (aq) → HBrO3 (aq) HBrO³ (aq) + H* (aq) → H₂BrO3* (aq) iii. H₂BrO³* (aq) + Br¯ (aq) → Br₂O₂ (aq) + H2O (l) [Fast] [Medium] [Slow] iv. Br₂O₂ (aq) + 4H*(aq) + 4Br‍(aq) → 3Br₂ (l) + H2O (l) [Fast] Evaluate the validity of this proposed reaction. Justify your answer.

е. Д CH3 D*, D20

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1.5, Problem 1.9BFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1.5, Problem 1.9BFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1.5, Problem 1.9BFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1.5, Problem 1.9BFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

Answer 6

Chapter 1.5, Problem 1.9BFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

Answer 7

Chapter 1.5, Problem 1.9BFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given quantity is to be expressed in exponential notation. Also significant zeroes and digits are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Significant figures of a number are the digits which carry meaningful contribution to its measurement resolution. The rightmost digit of the quantity is the most uncertain digit.

The number of certain and uncertain digit in a quantity is considered as significant figures. The digit with a higher number of significant figures has a higher certainty of measurement.

To determine the number of significant figures in a quantity following steps are followed.

1. The quantity must has a decimal point.

2. Start counting from the left and proceed towards the right until the first nonzero digit is encountered. All nonzero digit and the zeroes between two nonzero digits are considered as significant figures. For example, 0.0000765 has three significant figures and 7009 has four significant figures.

3. Zeroes after a decimal point are significant figures. For example, 42.0 have three significant figures.

4. Trailing zeroes that do nothing but are used to set a decimal point are non-significant figures. However, exponential notation can be used to avoid confusion. For example, 4300 has 3 significant figures. It can be expressed in scientific notation as 4.30×103 or

4.300×103. The number of significant figures in 4.30×103 and 4.300×103 is 3 and 4 respectively.

5. Zeroes present before a trailing decimal point are significant figures. For example, 3200 has only two significant figures but 3200. has 4 significant figures.

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