Chapter 15, Problem 17PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The facts that can be suggested about the mechanism of the reaction for the given result are to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron-rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.

Aryl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction in the presence of a strong nucleophile.

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl halides proceed through the elimination addition mechanism and benzyne is formed as the intermediate.

Hydroxide ions are nucleophiles; they are negatively charged species.